Child Psych Chapter 11 Flashcards
Anxiety
Mood state with strong negative emotions and bodily symptoms of tension involving fear
Anxiety disorders
Experiencing excessive and debilitating anxieties
Physical Anxiety Symptoms
Adrenaline and noradrenaline released
Increase heart rate and force
Breathing increase
Sweating
Pupils widen
Digestive sytem relaxes
Muscle tension
Cognitive Anxiety Symptoms
Fight or flight
Distorted thought patterns
Behavioral Anxiety Symptoms
Aggression
Escape behaviors
Restlessness
Irritability
Avoidant tendencies
Normal Fears
Loss of physical support
Intense sensory stimuli
Strangers
Sudden, unexpected looming objects
Natural forces
Animals
Death
School and performance
Germs and illness
Rejection
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Age inappropriate excessive, disabling distress related to separation from attachment figures
School refusal
Nightmares and sleep complaints
Last at lease 4 weeks
Early onset- 7-8
Specific Phobia
Marked fear or anxiety about specific objects or situations for at least 6 months
Most common anxiety disorder (20%)
Peak 10-13 years old
Social Anxiety Disorder (SOC) Social Phobia
Marked and persistent fear of social or performance requirements that expose to scrutiny and possible embarrassment
Lasts for over 6 months
6-12%, 2x as many girls
Selective Mutism
Failure to speak in specific social situations that expect speaking, despite knowledge of spoken language that may present in other settings
Interferes with education or work
Presents for over one month
Average onset 3-4
Panic Disorder
Display recurrent unexpected panic attacks followed by at least one month of worry
16% of teens, average onset 15-19
Related to stressful life events
Panic Attack
Sudden and overwhelming period of intense fear or discomfort that is accompanied by 4+ physical or cognitive symptoms
Trigger fight-or-flight symptoms
Agoraphobia
Marked fear or anxiety of certain places or situations related to difficulty escaping or receiving help
Related to panic disorder
Lasts 6 months or more
2.5% panic + agoraphobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Excessive and uncontrollable anxiety and worry about many events or activities on most days
Restlessness, fatigue, irritability, etc.
More days than not for 6 months
2.2% lifetime prevalence
Onset in early adolescence
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Recurrent, time-consuming, and disturbing obsessions and compulsions
1-2.5% lifetime prevalence
2x as many boys
Average onset 9-12
Obsessions
Persistent and intrusive thoughts, urges or images
Unwanted, cause anxiety and distress
Raise tension
Compulsions
Repetitive, purposeful, and intentional behaviors or mental acts to suppress or neutralize obsessions
Reduce tension
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Preoccupation with defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable to others
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts
Hoarding Disorder
Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions regardless of actual value
Accumulation of possessions that congest and clutter living areas
Trichotillomania
Recurrent pulling out of one’s hair, resulting in hair loss
Excoriation Disorder
Recurrent skin picking resulting in lesions
Associated Characteristics with Anxiety
Cognitive Disturbances
Physical Symptoms
Social and Emotional Deficits
Negative affect
Psychoanalytic Theory of Anxiety
Defend against unconscious conflict in early childhood
Negative emotions displaced onto self
Behavioral and Learning Theory of Anxiety
Classical conditioning
Persist through operant conditioning- Reinforce and reward anxious thought patterns
Social learning
Theory of attachment theory of anxiety
Rooted in necessary emotional attachment to caregivers
Negative attachment experiences
Temperament Theory of Anxiety
High threshold for novelty is protective
Behavioral inhibition, shy tendencies, withdrawal, and fearful temperaments predispose for anxiety
Genetic Theory of Anxiety
30-40% heritability
Inherit anxious dispositions
Neurobiological Theory of Anxiety
Chronic high cortisol- HPA Axis
Overactive and enlarged amygdala
GABA and serotonin mediated
Overactive behavioral inhibition
Family Theory of Anxiety
Over-involved, limiting, excessive, or intrusive parenting
Chronic family dysfunction
Keys of Anxiety Treatment
Distorted information processing
Physiological reactions to perceived threats
Sense of a lack of control
Excessive escape and avoidant behaviors
Behavioral Approaches to Treating Anxiety
Exposure-focused
Systematic desensitization
Flooding- One-session exposure
Cognitive Behavioral Approach to Anxiety
Most effective
Focus on identifying and modifying maladaptive thoughts
Skills training, role-play, modelling
Exposure and relaxation training
Can include family
Medications to treat anxiety
SSRIs- Effective for OCD
Few medications for anxiety
