Child Psych Chapter 2

Question 1

Influences on Childhood Behavior

Answer 1

Individual culture
Biological
Emotional
Behavioral and cognitive
Family, cultural, and ethnic

Question 2

Adaptational Failure

Answer 2

Failure to master or progress in accomplishing developmental milestones

Question 3

Transaction

Answer 3

Dynamic interactions between child and environment

Question 4

Continuities in development

Answer 4

Gradual, quantitative developmental changes

Question 5

Discontinuities in development

Answer 5

Abrupt, qualitative developmental changes

Question 6

Normal 0-2 year old achievements

Answer 6

Eating, sleeping, attachment

Question 7

2-5 year achievements

Answer 7

Language, toileting, self-care, self-control, peer relationships

Question 8

6-11 achievements

Answer 8

Academic skills and rules, simple responsibilities

Question 9

12-20 achievements

Answer 9

Sexual/intimate relationships, personal identity, familial separation, increased responsibilities

Question 10

Neural Pruning

Answer 10

Brain starts with overabundance of neurons then removes unnecessary neurons

Question 11

Benzodiazepine-GABA

Answer 11

Reduce arousal and moderates emotional responses, linked to anxiety and discomfort

Question 12

Dopamine

Answer 12

Regulate various brain circuits and pleasure-seeking activity
Implicated in schizophrenia, mood disorders, and ADHD

Question 13

Norepinephrine

Answer 13

Fight-or-flight and emotional and behavioral regulation

Question 14

Serotonin

Answer 14

Information and motor coordination, inhibit exploratory tendencies, moderates behaviors
Implicated in regulatory problems, OCD, schizophrenia, and mood disorders

Question 15

Emotional reactivity

Answer 15

Intensity of emotional experiences, signal for distress and sensitivity

Question 16

Emotional regulation

Answer 16

Enhancing, maintaining, or inhibiting emotional arousal

Question 17

Temperament

Answer 17

Child’s organized style of behavior
Early basis of personality
Positive, fearful, or negative

Question 18

Positive Affect and Approach Temperament

Answer 18

Approachable and adaptive to environment
Can self-regulate

Question 19

Fearful or Inhibited Temperament

Answer 19

Cautious in approach, variable in self-regulation

Question 20

Negative Affect or Irritability Temperament

Answer 20

Negative or intense in mood, not adaptable, arrhythmic

Question 21

Secure Attachment Style

Answer 21

Readily separates
Wary of strangers
Distressed by separation
Comforted by return

Question 22

Anxious-Avoidant Attachment

Answer 22

Exploration
Little affection
Upset if left alone
Little wariness

Question 23

Anxious-resistant Attachment

Answer 23

Disinterested in exploration or play
Wary of novelness and strangers
Difficulty settling

Question 24

Disorganized Attachment

Answer 24

Lack coherent strategy and emotional regulation