Child Health Flashcards
When do dental cariers happen?
when oral bacteria metabolise sugar and produce acid that demineralises enamel and dentin from the hard coating of the tooth.
What can severe caries lead to?
pain, infection,sepsis, death
What is dental caries a common cause of?
common cause of school and work absenteeism and impact on quality of life and wellbeing
Who is most at risk of developing dental caries?
Children and adolescent
What is the management of dental caries?
involve tooth extraction
Why is tooth extraction bad?
- extremely expensive
- time consuming
- widely unavailable in low income countries
What is social deprivation associated with?
excessive intake of sugar
What occurs with dental caries?
obesity, disproportionally affecting disadvantaged populations
How can you prevent dental caries?
- sugar reduction in the diet
- maintaining good oral hygiene
How much sugar should be reduced?
Reducing free sugar intake to less than 10% of energy intake can minimise the risk of developing dental caries throughout the life course
What are some population wide approaches for dental caries?
- water fluoridation
- fluoride varnish programmes
- sugar-reduction programmes
What else do you need to involve with child health?
involve families and caregivers
What are examples of Adverse Childhood Experience (or an ACE)?
- Experiencing abuse: Physical, sexual, psychological or neglect.
- Witnessing domestic abuse
- Having a close family member or caregiver who misused drugs or alcohol
- Having a close family member or caregiver with mental health problems
- Having a close family member or caregiver who served time in prison
- Experiencing parental separation or divorce on account of relationship breakdown.
What is the association of ACE with physical inactivity, overweight or obesity, and diabetes (ORs of less than two)?
weak or modest
What is the association of ACE for smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor self-rated health, cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disease (ORs of two to three)?
moderate
What is the association of ACE for sexual risk taking, mental ill health, and problematic alcohol use (ORs of more than three to six)?
strong
What is the strongest association for ACE?
problematic drug use and interpersonal and self-directed violence (ORs of more than seven)
What are some international resolution for ACE?
Sustainable Development Goals
What can you have good consultations with children and families?
- Be opportunistic
- E.g. in ENT see dental carrier so suggest diet - Be sensitive
- Non-judgemental approach
- 47% of mothers and 52%of fathers with obese children think their child is a healthy weight
- Many parents find it difficult the know if their child is growing healthily - Strength based approach (focus on positives) ‘tell me about an activity you do that makes you feel strong’
- Focus of barriers of a particular importance to the child
What sort of barriers could a child have?
- You may see children with LT conditions such as asthma, diabetes, epilepsy or cancer where the family have concerns about the impact of physical activity aggravating the condition - when there are a multitude of benefits in LT conditions in children and physical activity can actually be safe and fun
- Moving medicine resource
What other things can you do to have good consultations with children and families?
- Relate to other children ‘ do you mind if I share some ideas with you that have helped other people your age ‘
- Engage parents and families - see if healthy start rather than talk about buying fresh food if can’t afford
- Specific and short term goals - eat the rainbow
- Part of daily routine - walk to school