Adolescent, maternal and women's health Flashcards
Why is sexual health important?
- Improves physical health outcomes
- Improves mental health outcomes
- Positively influence social and emotional wellbeing
What is good sexual health?
‘A state of physical, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. it requires a respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence’
How can you prevent consequences of poor sexual health?
- Contraception
- HPV immunisation
- HIV prevention
- Education / Health literacy
What is the clinician’s role for contraception?
- Provide information around contraception options
- Educatie patients about risk and consequences of unprotected sex
- Facilitate prompt access to contraception and sexual health services
How common are unplanned pregnancies?
- 1 in 6 pregnancies in UK are unplanned
- More common in young single women
- Smoking, drug use and depression are more common in women who report unplanned pregnancies
What is the result of conception under the age of 18?
- Majority unplanned
- 50% result in abortion
- Huge physical and psychological impact
- Higher risk of poor antenatal health
- Lower birth weight babies
- Higher infant mortality rate
- Less likely to finish education
- Less likely to find employment
- More likely to live in poverty
- 3x more likely to suffer post0natal depression
When are you more vulnerable to conception under the age of 18?
- In or leaving care
- Teenagers that are homeless
- Involved in crime
- Lowe reducation attainment
- Social deprivation
- More vulnerable to coercive and exploitative sexual relationships
What does the HPV vaccine help?
protect against cancer caused by HPV including:
- Cervical cancer
- Some mouth and throat (head and neck) cancers
- Some cancers of the anal and genital areas
- It also helps protect against genital warts
What is PrEP?
course of HIV drugs taken by a HIV negative person to lower the chance of becoming infected with HIV in the future
What is PEP?
anti-HIV medication that is prescribed to a HIV negative person, after a postal exposure to HIV to protect them from being infected with HIV
Why is it important to have an opportunistic approach to STI prevention?
MAKING EVERY CONTACT COUNT - for STI who at most risk
- Initiate conversations about sexual health
- increase screening uptake
- Increasing subsequent diagnosis and treatment of STIs
When are STIs more common?
- Highest în heterosexual people aged 15-24 years old
- High rates in BAME and deprivation populations
- MSM high rates
How is their open access to sexual treatment?
digital services but not equally spread
What can lead to increased sexual dysfunction?
- smoking and prolonged alcohol misuse
- stress and poor mental health
How should you approach sexual health with patients?
- opportunistic approach
- Non judgmental
- Empathetic
- Holistic
- Informing patients and facilitating decisions / access to support and services
What is the first stage for intervention when taking a life course approach?
pre-conception
What is the most prevalent STI according to NATSAL?
HPV
Why is pregnancy a good time to discuss lifestyle?
- Pregnancy can be a time when mothers are amenable to change
- Long lasting behaviour change
- Impact positively on future health outcomes
What is drugs and alcohol use also associated with?
risky sexual behaviour, sexual assault and inter-partner sexual violence
What maternal supplements are reccomended?
- Folic acid 400mcg OD prior to conception and up to 12/40
2. Vitamin D 10mcg OD throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding
What is folate rich foods?
- Green leafy vegetables
- Peas
- Kidney beans
- Chickpeas
What is physical acitivity during pregnancy associated with a decreased risk of?
- Hypertension in pregnancy
- Pre-eclampsia
- Gestational diabetes
- Reduced severity of depressive symptoms