Child Development- Chapter 4 Flashcards
How many chromosomes does each parent contribute to create a new human?
23 chromosomes from each parent- come together to make 46 total
A ______ occurs when the fetus dies before 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Miscarriage
What methods of birth control protect against STD’s?
Abstinence & Condoms
Why should women avoid exposure to hazardous substances?
They can cause harm to the developing baby.
Name hazardous substances that pregnant women should avoid,
Smoke, alcohol, mecury, cleaning supples, chemical materials.
A ____ occurs when the fetus dies after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Stillbirth
What method of birth control is 100% effective?
Abstinence
What would you call a woman who becomes pregnant to have a baby for someone else?
Surrogate Mother
What about the vagina can make it difficult for the sperm to survive?
The acidic environment
How long does the germinal stage last?
2 weeks
How long doe the embryonic stage last?
6 weeks
What are the 3 stages of prengnancy?
Germinal Stage > Embryonic Stage > Fetal Stage
How often does a womans menstural cycle last?
28 days
What is true about the gender of identical twins?
They will have the same gender
What things can inhibit the producton of healthy sperm?
Tight jeans, smoking, chemical or radiation exposure, pollution
What problems can a cleft palate cause?
Trouble eating, sucking, and swallowing
Give an example of a birth defect cause by chromosomal abnormalities.
Down Syndrome
What medications are pregnant woman allowed to take without consulting their doctor.
None- all prescription & over the counter meds should be cleared with the doctor
Put the following steps in order:
- sperm fertilizes ovum
- inner lining of the uterus thickens
- ovum is released by the ovary
- ovum moves through the fallopian tube
- ovum is released by an ovary
- lining of the uterus thickens
- ovum moves through fallobian tube
- sperm fertilizes ovum
How do dominant genes work?
The dominate and take over. If there is a dominant gene present it will be expressed.
What is a birth defect?
Any abnormality or imperfection, although we typically think of birth defects as being major abnormalities that affect a child’s functions and/or require surgery or special treatments
What is the role of the placenta?
The placenta connect the baby to the uterus. It is filled with blood vessels that contain oxygen and nutirents for the fetus.
What happens if an ovum reaches the uterus and has not been fertilized?
It triggers the start of the menstrual cycle, the uterus will begin shedding its lining and the ovum will be removed from the body with blood flow.
What are the two types of sex chromosomes?
X and Y
What are the sex chromosomes of a female?
XX
What are the sex chromosomes of a male?
XY
What do we call the baby’s development during the 9 months of pregnancy?
Prenatal Development
What is the purpose of the umbillical chord?
Carries nourishmen to the baby, carries oxygen to the baby, removes waste poducts away from the baby
What is varicella commonly known as?
Chicken pox
How does an amniocentisis work?
A sample of amniotic fluid is taken and tested.
How does a chorionic villi sampling work?
A sample of tissue from the membrane encasing the fetus us taken.
What causes toxplasmosis?
A parasite
What is ovulation?
The process of the ovaries releasing an ovum
What happens to baby if mother has AIDS?
Doctors can take many steps to help prevent the spread of the disease to baby, but prenatal tests and care are very important.
What fills the amniotic sac and surronds the baby?
Amniotic fluid
What do we call the egg cell?
Ovum
Conception occcurs when?
The sperm fertilizes the egg
How do recessive genes work?
They can be passed on, however there must be two recessive genes present for the trait to be expressed. No dominants.
What is it called when a couple is unable to concieve?
Infertility
How many total chromosomes do we have?
46- 23 from Mom and 23 from Dad
The placenta and the umbillical chord are developed during which stage of pregnancy?
Embryonic Stage
Cell division begins in which stage of pregnancy?
Germinal Stage
Movements begin during which stage of pregnancy?
Fetal stage
Development is complete during which stage of pregnancy?
Fetal Stage
Implantation occurs during which stage of pregnancy?
Germinal Stage
The organs and body systems are formed during which stage of pregnancy?
Embryonic Stage
The amniotic sac is formed and fills with fluid in which stage of pregnancy?
Embryonic Stage
Amniotic fluid increases and causes further expansion of the uterus in which stage of pregnancy?
Fetal Stage
What happens when a couple adopts a child?
The couple takes legal responsibility for rasing, loving and caring for the child.
Explain the process of artifical insemination.
Doctor injects sperm into the woman’s uterus during ovulation. Sperm may be from the husband or a donor.
Explain the process of in vitro fertilization.
Doctor combines the sperm and ovum, once fertilization occurs, the zygote is placed inside the uterus.
What is it called when a donated ovum is used for pregnancy?
Ovum Transfer
Why do babies born at full term have a better chance for survival than babies born early?
When a baby is full term, the organs and body systems are ready to function, it has recieved antibodies and stored nutrients to build up immunity to disease and infection in the outside world.
Expain how dominant and recessive genes work.
Dominant genes take over and will be expressed over recessive genes. Recessive genes will only be expressed if there are 2 recessive genes present.
Describe 2 options that infertile couples have.
Adpoption, In Vitro Fertilizatio, Ovum Transfer, Artificial Insemination, Surrogacy
Why is prenatal care important? Wha coudl be the consequence of denying pregnancy and not recieving proper prenatal care?
Prental care is important because it monitors the health, wellness, and development of both mom and baby. Refusing prenatal care is dangerous it increases the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth. In addition, if baby has a birth defect it could go undetected and could prolong treatment.
