Child Development

Question 1

Attachment Theory (Bowlby’s)

Answer 1

Secure: person feels safe in relationships, feels supported and knows their needs will be met.

Anxious: person feels like they have to do more in order to have their needs met. This can lead to person displaying high levels of emotion when needs seem unmet (and separation anxiety).

Avoidant: person feels like their needs will not be met so they don’t bother seeking support from others. Person feels like they can only rely on themselves. Hard to make connections; does not want them.

Question 2

Parenting Style

Answer 2

Authoritative: balance between structure & independence. assertive but not intrusive. supportive discipline. emotionally caring environment. fosters trust.

Authoritarian: strict rules without communication, punitive discipline. affection given sparingly if at all.

Permissive: lack rules and structure, lack discipline.

Question 3

4 Components of NMT

Answer 3

Self-regulation
Sensory integration
Relational function
Cognition

Question 4

Child/Adolescent Treatment by Age

Answer 4

0-4 (atypical development, parenting problems, 0-2 eye contact super important)

5-8 (imaginative play crucial for development, ODD, learning disabilities, play therapy)

9-11 (synaptic pruning, peers and friendship, social skills, play therapy, nature based interventions, pursuing independence while still dependent on adults, self-esteem)

12-14 (rapid physical, cognitive, and social transformations, continued synaptic pruning, identity and independence, individual counseling, art therapy, bibliotherapy, small groups, peer-based interventions)

15-19 (rapid growth and change, identity and independence, building rapport is essential)

Question 5

NMT Brainmapping

Answer 5

Creating a visual of current functioning in the context of development

The age at which trauma happens affects developmental growth

Question 6

Sequential Neurodevelopment and Play

Answer 6

1. brainstem (self-regulation)
   - establish state regulation: peekaboo, tactile play
2. midbrain (sensory integration)
   - incorporate somatosensory integration: music, fine motor
3. limbic (relational functioning)
   - facilitate socio-emotional growth: teams, turns, sharing
4. cortical (cognition)
   - encourage abstract thought: humour, language, arts, games