Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Image Interp > Chest Disorders > Flashcards

Chest Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the structures shown here

A

1 - Aortic Arch (should be ~4 cm)

2 - Pulmonary Trunk

3 - Left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is demonstrated by the yellow lines?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What structures are represented by the blue & purple markings?

A

Blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What condition is likely the cause of these findings?

A

Pneumonia/Tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Identify the structure shown here

A

Horizontal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What pattern of pneumonia is shown here?

A
  • Bilateral, perihilar area, Irregular
  • Bronchopneumonia
  • Pink circle = cavitation •associated w/ Infection ie. TB & Tumor)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This appearance is associated with what condition

A

Interstitial/Nodular

“Milliary pattern”

Associated with TB or fungal infection

(Differential = metastasis/tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • Opacities frequently desribed as ill-defined, hazy or fluffy
  • Margins of opacities are poorly defined & indistinct
  • May demonstrate air bronchograms & silhouette signs
A

Air space disease (aka consolidation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In air space disease, air is replaced with what 4 things

A

Blood (pulmonary hemorrage)

Pus (exudate assoc. w/ infection)

Water (aspiration)

Cells (tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What findings are demonstrated here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

____ pattern in interstitial disease that appears as lines

A

Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____ pattern in interstitial disease that appears as small numerous discrete opacities separated from one another by normal lung

A

Nodular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_____ pattern in interstitial disease that is a combo of lines & opacities

A

Reticulonodular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When two similar radiographic densities are in anatomical contact with one another, the visible border between the two structures is lost

A

Silhouette sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Involvement of RUL → what structure silhouetted

A

Ascending aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Involvement of RML → what structure silhouetted

A

Right heart border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Involvement of RLL → what structure silhouetted

A

Right hemidiaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Involvement of LUL → what structures silhouetted

A

Aortic knob

Pulmonary trunk

Left heart border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Involvement of LLL → what structures silhouetted

A

Descending aorta

Left hemidiaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

Silhouette Sign - Increased density in RML which obscures right heart border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

Silhouette Sign - LUL density is obscuring left heart border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

Silhouette sign - LLL density obscuring left hemidiaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  • Visualization of air in bronchi due to surrounding lung tissue (alveoli) filling w/ fluid or cells
  • Bronchi should not normally be seen
A

Air bronchogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Air bronchogram sign is primarily associated with

A

Consolidation/Air space disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

*right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What findings are shown here in this chest CT?

A

*right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q
  • Used to determine if a mass is outisde the lung parenchyma or inside
  • Assess angle the mass forms w/ the chest wall
A

Extra-pleural sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

If the angle of a mass with the chest wall forms an obtuse > 90o = ____

If the edges form an acute < 90o = _____

A

= Extra-pleural sign

= Inside lung parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Extra pleural sign or Not extra pleural sign

A

Not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Extra pleural sign or not extra pleural sign

A

Extra pleural sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
  • Hilar mass causes compresion of right upper lobe bronchus
  • Results in atelectasis of right upper lobe
  • Superior migration of lateral minor fissure
  • The medial minor fissure however remains lower because of hilar mass
A

Golden S sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Incomplete air filling and under expansion of pulmonary tissue =

A

Atelectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

When lung tissue collapses, soft tissues will shift ____ (towards/away from) the side of collapse

A

Towards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q
  • MC atelectasis
  • Intrinsic or extrinsic blockage of airway
A

Obstructive/Resorptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Type of atelectasis involving external space occupying lesion to the lung, like fluid or a chest wall mass

A

Passive (relaxation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Type of passive atelectasis but internal to the lung like a lung tumor, abscess or bullae causing compression

A

Compressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Type of atelectasis involving scarring and retraction of pulmonary tissue

  • Infection common cause
A

Cicatrization/scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q
  • Type of atelectasis usually due to a lack of surfactant
  • Seen in ischemic issues, radiation damage, general anesthesia, neonates w/ hyaline membrane disease
A

Adhesive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q
  • Patients who are not taking deep breaths for long periods of time such as post-op patient or patient w/ pleuritic chest pain
  • Form of adhesive atelectasis
  • Does not result in shifting of structures
A

Subsegmental atelectasis (discoid atelectasis or plate-like)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q
  • Occurs in association w/ pleueral thickening
  • Form of compressive atelectasis
  • Always in subpleural location
A

Round atelectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

(minor fissure being pulled towards area of increased density)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Term used to describe fluid collection in the pleural space first between the hemidiaphragm and lung base

A

Subpulmonic effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q
  • Large collection of transudate, exudate, blood or chyle in pleural space
  • Nonspecific sign of underlying pathology
  • Can cause passive atelectasis
A

Pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q
  • Costophrenic blunting (posterior costophrenic angle is initial location)
  • Opacifed hemithorax in severe cases
  • Diaphragms will be silhouetted eventually

= associated w/ what condition

A

Pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

Deviation of structures away (therefore not atelectasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

Fluid trapped in places = loculated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q
  • Collection of air in pleural space
  • A rupture of either the parietal or visceral pleural permits air into pleural space
  • Results in loss of negative pressure within pleural space
A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Radiographic features of ____ include:

    • Thin pleural line represents the visceral pleural separated from chest wall; called Visceral Pleral line
  • Crescent-shaped radiolucent shadown between lung & chest wall (absence of lung markings in crescent shaped radiolucent region)
  • Best seen on full expiration/standing x-ray
  • CT & US more sensitive
A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What findings are shown here in this axial CT?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Community acquired pneumonia MC demonstrates a ____ pattern due to Strep. pneumoniae

A

Lobar (MC pattern, involves majority or entire love)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Interstial patterns MC demonstrate a ____ pattern

A

Atypical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

_____ pattern of pneumonia is very patchy & follows the branching of bronchial tree

A

Bronchopneumonia

66
Q

Air bronchograms MC seen with with ____ & can be seen w/ ____ pneumonia

A

Lobar & bronchopneumonia

67
Q

T/F: In pneumonia, there is typicall no deviation towards or away from strucutres

A

T

68
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

Lobar pneumonia

69
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

Opacified hemithorax = Pneumonia, Pleural Effusion, Atelectasis

70
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

Lobar pneumonia

Also blunting of costophrenic angles → pleural effusion

71
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
72
Q

What pattern of pneumonia is demonstrated here?

A

Atypical

73
Q

Calcific nodule in lung tissue that represents old focus of infection associated with TB =

A

Ghon tubercle

74
Q

Combination of granuloma in lung tissue (Ghon tubercle) and lymph node calcification =

A

Ranke complex

75
Q

Hilar lympadenopathy & miliary pattern due to hematogenous spread are common characteristics of what condition

A

TB

76
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
77
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
78
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
79
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
80
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
81
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
82
Q

Radiopacities greater than 3cm =

Radiopacities less than 3cm =

A

= Mass

= Nodule

83
Q

DDX for _____ are:

  • Granuloma
  • Hamartoma
  • Arteriovenous malformation
  • Round atelectasis
  • Round pneumonia
  • Bronchogenic carcinoma
  • Metastasis
A

Solitary pulmonary nodule/mass

84
Q

DDX for _____ are:

  • Metastasis
  • Granuloma
  • Lymphoma
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Wegener’s granulomatosis
A

Multiple pulmonary nodules/masses

85
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
86
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
87
Q
  • Tumor in upper lung region seen in bronchogenic carcinoma
  • Usually squamous cell type
  • Nerve compression symptoms (Horner’s) can occur
A

Pancoast tumor

88
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

Red = rib involvement

89
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
90
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
91
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
92
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
93
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
94
Q
  • Abnormal permenant enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchiole accompanied by destruction of acinar walls w/ little or no fibrosis
  • Expansion of air cells occurs to form blebs & bulla
A

Emphysema

95
Q
  • Upper lobes zones predominate
  • Assocaited w/ cigarette smoking

= ____ emphysema

A

Centrilobular (aka centriacinar)

96
Q
  • Lower lobes
  • Associated with a-antitrypsin deficiency
  • Can also be seen in smokers

= ____ emphysema

A

Panacinar (aka panlobular)

97
Q

Radiographic findings of ____ include:

  • Hyperlucency of lung
  • Flattened & depressed hemidiaphragms (below 10th post. rib)
  • Often results in costophrenic angles blunting
  • Increased retrosternal clear space (resulting in barrel chest appearance)
  • Prominent interstital markings
    • Bulla (lack of interstitial markings)
  • Bleb (less than 1cm lucency seen peripherally)
A

Emphysema

98
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

Yellow = bulla

99
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
100
Q

Radiographic findings of ____ include:

  • Enlarged heart shadow (chamber enlargement)
  • Cephalization of blood flow - increased vascular markings in upper lung fields
  • Plerual effusion
  • Pulmonary edema
A

Congestive Heart Failure

101
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
102
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
103
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
104
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
105
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
106
Q

What findings are shown here?

A

Aortic calcifications

107
Q
  • Aortic shadow “pulled away” from midline
  • Usually seen in older individuals
  • Results from longstanding hypertension
A

Aortic uncoiling

(AKA aortic tortuosity or aorta ectasia)

108
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
109
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
110
Q

Dilation of greater than ___ cm for ascending aorta (MC); greater than ___ cm for descending aorta

A

5 cm; 4 cm

111
Q

MC cause of aneurysm =

A

Atherosclerosis

112
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
113
Q

What findings are shown here on this CT?

A
114
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
115
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
116
Q
  • Herniation of abdominal contents through esophageal hiatus of diaphagm
  • Can be assocaited with GERD
A

Hiatal Hernia

117
Q
  • MC type of hiatal hernia
  • Gastroesophageal junction moves up past diaphragmatic hiatus
A

Type I (sliding or axial)

118
Q

Type of hiatal hernia where fundus of stomach herniates through the diaphragmatic hiatus alongside the esophagus

A

Type II (paraesophageal)

119
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
120
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
121
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
122
Q
  • MC type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
  • Posterior and to the left
  • Allows herniation of retroperitoneal structures
A

Bochdalek

123
Q
  • Less common type of congenetical diaphragmatic hernia
  • Anterior and to the right allowing liver & intestine to migrate into chest cavity
A

Morgagni

124
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
125
Q

What findings are shown here?

A
126
Q

What structures do you evaluate in a chest x-ray?

A

Abdomen (below hemidiaphrams)

Thorax (osseus thorax, clavicles, ribs, etc.)

Mediastinum (heart, etc.)

Lungs

127
Q
A
128
Q
A
129
Q
A
130
Q
A
131
Q
A
132
Q
A
133
Q
A
134
Q
A
135
Q
A
136
Q
A
137
Q
A
138
Q
A
139
Q
A
140
Q
A
141
Q
A
142
Q
A
143
Q
A
144
Q
A
145
Q
A
146
Q
A
147
Q
A
148
Q
A
149
Q
A
150
Q
A
151
Q
A
152
Q
A
153
Q
A
154
Q
A
155
Q
A
156
Q
A
157
Q
A
158
Q
A
159
Q
A
160
Q
A
161
Q
A
162
Q
A

Image Interp (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions