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Chemstry 1123 Flashcards

1
Q

random movement of microscopic particles resulting from collisions with molecules

A

Brownian movement

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2
Q

a type of collision in which the particles lose no energy

A

elastic

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3
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

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4
Q

energy of position

A

potential energy

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5
Q

total kinetic and potential energy of a substance

A

thermal energy

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6
Q

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of water from 14.5C to 15.5C

A

calorie

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7
Q

total kinetic energy of all the molecules of a substance

A

heat

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8
Q

average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance

A

temperature

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9
Q

process involving a loss of heat

A

exothermic

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10
Q

process involving absorption of heat

A

endothermic

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11
Q

device used to measure the total amount of heat given off by a reaction

A

calorimeter

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12
Q

exists when two opposing chemical or physical changes occur at equal rates in a closed system

A

equilibrium

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13
Q

according to this law, amount of heat lost equals amount of heat gained by an object

A

law of conservation of energy

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14
Q

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance 1C

A

heat capacity

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15
Q

additional heat required to melt a substance at its melting point

A

heat of fusion

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16
Q

process of changing a substance from liquid phase to gas phase

A

vaporization

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17
Q

additional energy required to vaporize a substance at its boiling point

A

heat of vaporization

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18
Q

force of 1.0 Newton acting through a distance of 1.0 m

A

joule

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19
Q

amount of force required to accelerate an object with a mass of 1.0 kg to an acceleration of 1m/sec squared

A

Newton

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20
Q

measurement of the amount of heat gained or lost during a chemical reaction

A

calorimetry

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21
Q

pressure of gas in a state of equilibrium with its liquid

A

equilibrium vapor pressure

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22
Q

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of a substance of 1C

A

specific heat

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23
Q

Kinetic theory of matter

All matter consists of ____ such as molecules, atoms, etc.

A

particles

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24
Q

Kinetic theory of matter

The particles of a matter are in constant ____

A

motion

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25
Kinetic theory of matter ____ between particles are completely ____
Collision; elastic
26
found first real evidence of invisible, moving atoms
Robert Brown
27
modern atomic theory of matter
John Dalton
28
Kinetic theory of gases Gases are composed of independent ____
molecules
29
Kinetic theory of gases Gas molecules frequently ______
collide and change direction
30
Kinetic theory of gases The average _____ of the molecules of a gas is directly proportional to the ____ of the gas
kinetic energy; Kelvin temperature
31
concave depression on the surface of a liquid
meniscus
32
molecular force of attraction for other molecules within the substance
cohesion
33
cohesive forces in a liquid create a tight layer of molecules at the surface
surface tension
34
attraction between molecules of two substances in contact with each other
adhesion
35
ability of a liquid to resist flowing
viscosity
36
movement of a liquid up or down a tube because of adhesion
capillarity
37
smallest portion of a crystal that reveals the three-dimensional pattern for the entire crystal
unit cell
38
a solid consisting of particles arranged in an orderly, repeating, geometric pattern
crystal
39
three-dimensional, repeated arrangement of a crystal
crystal lattice
40
process used to examine a crystal structure
x-ray diffraction
41
one of the different forms of a polymorphous crystalline solid
allotrope
42
gas particles under pressure passing through an orifice
effusion
43
the gradual mixing of two gases due to spontaneous, random motion
diffusion
44
substance that occurs in more than one crystal pattern
polymorphous
45
solids whose particles have no crystal structure
amorphous
46
______ states that, under conditions of equal temperature and pressure, the rates of effusion or diffusion of two gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their ____
Graham's law of effusion/diffusion; molar masses
47
____ is the property of liquids that makes the surface of a liquid flat and a droplet spherical
Surface tension
48
A meniscus is caused by ____ and by ____
surface tension; capillarity
49
The viscosity of a liquid is affected by ____ and caused by ____ within the liquid
temperature; cohesive forces
50
Whether or not a solid has a ____ determines whether it is crystalline or amorphous
crystal structure
51
The ____ of a crystal is caused by the attraction of particles with ____ electric charges and the repulsion of particles with ____ charges
pattern; unlike; like
52
____ solid do not have definite melting points, but ____ solids do have definite melting points
Amorphous; crystalline
53
Some substances that are normally crystalline may become ____ if they are rapidly cooled
amorphous
54
A substance that retains certain liquid characteristics, even at a temperature at which it appears to be a solid, is a _____
supercooled liquid
55
A diffraction ____ is formed when high-energy electromagnetic waves bend around a crystal
pattern
56
State the law The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to it if the temperature remains constant
Boyle's law
57
State the law The absolute temperature of a gas is directly proportional to the pressure if the volume remains constant
Gay-Lussac's law
58
State the law The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each component gas
Dalton's law of partial pressures
59
State the law Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules
Avogadro's principle
60
State the law The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute (Kelvin) temperature if the pressure remains constant
Charles' law
61
State the law Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, the ratios of the volumes of gases that react are small whole numbers
Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes
62
State the law The pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas are all related if the quantity of gas remains constant
combined gas law
63
The relationship between volume and pressure of gas is a/an ____ one
inverse
64
The relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas is a/an ____ one
direct
65
The relationship between volume and temperature of a gas is a/an ____ one
direct
66
The ____ temperature scale represents absolute temperature
Kelvin
67
Standard pressure is ____ torr; standard temperature is ____ K
760; 273
68
A table of _____ makes it possible for the chemist to compensate for the added pressure of water that evaporates during the water displacement process and mixes with the collected gas
partial pressure
69
All gases contain the same number of ____ if they have the same volume, pressure, and temperature
molecules
70
The ____ of a gas is the volume of one mole of a gas at STP, or approximately ____
molar volume; 22.4L/mol
71
SI measurement of pressure
Pascal

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