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Science > Chemstry 1123 > Flashcards

Chemstry 1123 Flashcards

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1
Q

random movement of microscopic particles resulting from collisions with molecules

A

Brownian movement

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2
Q

a type of collision in which the particles lose no energy

A

elastic

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3
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

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4
Q

energy of position

A

potential energy

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5
Q

total kinetic and potential energy of a substance

A

thermal energy

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6
Q

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of water from 14.5C to 15.5C

A

calorie

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7
Q

total kinetic energy of all the molecules of a substance

A

heat

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8
Q

average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance

A

temperature

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9
Q

process involving a loss of heat

A

exothermic

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10
Q

process involving absorption of heat

A

endothermic

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11
Q

device used to measure the total amount of heat given off by a reaction

A

calorimeter

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12
Q

exists when two opposing chemical or physical changes occur at equal rates in a closed system

A

equilibrium

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13
Q

according to this law, amount of heat lost equals amount of heat gained by an object

A

law of conservation of energy

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14
Q

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance 1C

A

heat capacity

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15
Q

additional heat required to melt a substance at its melting point

A

heat of fusion

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16
Q

process of changing a substance from liquid phase to gas phase

A

vaporization

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17
Q

additional energy required to vaporize a substance at its boiling point

A

heat of vaporization

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18
Q

force of 1.0 Newton acting through a distance of 1.0 m

A

joule

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19
Q

amount of force required to accelerate an object with a mass of 1.0 kg to an acceleration of 1m/sec squared

A

Newton

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20
Q

measurement of the amount of heat gained or lost during a chemical reaction

A

calorimetry

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21
Q

pressure of gas in a state of equilibrium with its liquid

A

equilibrium vapor pressure

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22
Q

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of a substance of 1C

A

specific heat

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23
Q

Kinetic theory of matter

All matter consists of ____ such as molecules, atoms, etc.

A

particles

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24
Q

Kinetic theory of matter

The particles of a matter are in constant ____

A

motion

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25
Q

Kinetic theory of matter

____ between particles are completely ____

A

Collision; elastic

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26
Q

found first real evidence of invisible, moving atoms

A

Robert Brown

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27
Q

modern atomic theory of matter

A

John Dalton

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28
Q

Kinetic theory of gases

Gases are composed of independent ____

A

molecules

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29
Q

Kinetic theory of gases

Gas molecules frequently ______

A

collide and change direction

30
Q

Kinetic theory of gases

The average _____ of the molecules of a gas is directly proportional to the ____ of the gas

A

kinetic energy; Kelvin temperature

31
Q

concave depression on the surface of a liquid

A

meniscus

32
Q

molecular force of attraction for other molecules within the substance

A

cohesion

33
Q

cohesive forces in a liquid create a tight layer of molecules at the surface

A

surface tension

34
Q

attraction between molecules of two substances in contact with each other

A

adhesion

35
Q

ability of a liquid to resist flowing

A

viscosity

36
Q

movement of a liquid up or down a tube because of adhesion

A

capillarity

37
Q

smallest portion of a crystal that reveals the three-dimensional pattern for the entire crystal

A

unit cell

38
Q

a solid consisting of particles arranged in an orderly, repeating, geometric pattern

A

crystal

39
Q

three-dimensional, repeated arrangement of a crystal

A

crystal lattice

40
Q

process used to examine a crystal structure

A

x-ray diffraction

41
Q

one of the different forms of a polymorphous crystalline solid

A

allotrope

42
Q

gas particles under pressure passing through an orifice

A

effusion

43
Q

the gradual mixing of two gases due to spontaneous, random motion

A

diffusion

44
Q

substance that occurs in more than one crystal pattern

A

polymorphous

45
Q

solids whose particles have no crystal structure

A

amorphous

46
Q

______ states that, under conditions of equal temperature and pressure, the rates of effusion or diffusion of two gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their ____

A

Graham’s law of effusion/diffusion; molar masses

47
Q

____ is the property of liquids that makes the surface of a liquid flat and a droplet spherical

A

Surface tension

48
Q

A meniscus is caused by ____ and by ____

A

surface tension; capillarity

49
Q

The viscosity of a liquid is affected by ____ and caused by ____ within the liquid

A

temperature; cohesive forces

50
Q

Whether or not a solid has a ____ determines whether it is crystalline or amorphous

A

crystal structure

51
Q

The ____ of a crystal is caused by the attraction of particles with ____ electric charges and the repulsion of particles with ____ charges

A

pattern; unlike; like

52
Q

____ solid do not have definite melting points, but ____ solids do have definite melting points

A

Amorphous; crystalline

53
Q

Some substances that are normally crystalline may become ____ if they are rapidly cooled

A

amorphous

54
Q

A substance that retains certain liquid characteristics, even at a temperature at which it appears to be a solid, is a _____

A

supercooled liquid

55
Q

A diffraction ____ is formed when high-energy electromagnetic waves bend around a crystal

A

pattern

56
Q

State the law

The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to it if the temperature remains constant

A

Boyle’s law

57
Q

State the law

The absolute temperature of a gas is directly proportional to the pressure if the volume remains constant

A

Gay-Lussac’s law

58
Q

State the law

The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each component gas

A

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

59
Q

State the law

Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules

A

Avogadro’s principle

60
Q

State the law

The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute (Kelvin) temperature if the pressure remains constant

A

Charles’ law

61
Q

State the law

Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, the ratios of the volumes of gases that react are small whole numbers

A

Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes

62
Q

State the law

The pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas are all related if the quantity of gas remains constant

A

combined gas law

63
Q

The relationship between volume and pressure of gas is a/an ____ one

A

inverse

64
Q

The relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas is a/an ____ one

A

direct

65
Q

The relationship between volume and temperature of a gas is a/an ____ one

A

direct

66
Q

The ____ temperature scale represents absolute temperature

A

Kelvin

67
Q

Standard pressure is ____ torr; standard temperature is ____ K

A

760; 273

68
Q

A table of _____ makes it possible for the chemist to compensate for the added pressure of water that evaporates during the water displacement process and mixes with the collected gas

A

partial pressure

69
Q

All gases contain the same number of ____ if they have the same volume, pressure, and temperature

A

molecules

70
Q

The ____ of a gas is the volume of one mole of a gas at STP, or approximately ____

A

molar volume; 22.4L/mol

71
Q

SI measurement of pressure

A

Pascal

Science (10 decks)

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