Chemistry 1122 Flashcards
1
Q
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom:
A
atomic number
2
Q
What is a mole?
A
6.022 x 10(23)
3
Q
The organization of any subject into smaller categories
A
classification
4
Q
Name of the device that accelerates particles in a spiral path
A
cyclotron
5
Q
Total number of particles in an atom’s nucleus
A
mass number
6
Q
The mass of quantity of atoms compared to the mass of the same quantity of carbon-12 atoms
A
atomic mass
7
Q
The characteristic that distinguishes one substance from another
A
property
8
Q
Property describing how a substance chemically reacts with another
A
chemical property
9
Q
Form of an element with the same atomic number but a different mass number
A
isotope
10
Q
Smallest particle of matter that retains all properties of an element
A
atom
11
Q
Simplest homogeneous substance
A
element
12
Q
Substance with uniform properties throughout
A
homogeneous
13
Q
Observable property that does not involve a chemical change
A
physical property
14
Q
Three types of homogeneous substances:
A
- elements
- compounds
- solutions
15
Q
An atom can be split only in a ____ but not by ____
A
nuclear reaction; chemical means
16
Q
An element’s atomic number is the number of ____ and also the number of ____ in each atom of that element
A
protons; electrons
17
Q
An atom must contain an equal number of ____ and ____ to maintain a neutral charge
A
protons; electrons
18
Q
The two naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen are ____ and ____; the artificially produced isotope is ____
A
protium; deuterium; tritium
19
Q
The abbreviation for ____ is amu
A
atomic mass unit
20
Q
In any chemical reaction, the mass of the ____ equals the mass of the ____
A
final product; reactants
21
Q
Atomic mass is determined by using ____ or ____ to compare the mass of a substance with the mass of an equal quantity of carbon-12 atoms
A
chemical analysis; mass spectography
22
Q
A ____ measures atomic mass by measuring the angle of deflection of ____ onto a photographic plate
A
mass spectograph; light ions
23
Q
____ elements are those beyond uranium (numbers 92-109) on the Periodic Table of the Elements
A
Transuranium
24
Q
Name the seven elements mentioned in the Bible
A
- copper
- gold
- iron
- lead
- silver
- sulfur
- tin
25
Atomic mass is the ______
mass of a quantity of atoms of a particular element compared to the mass of the same quantity of carbon-12 atoms
26
A successful classification reveals the ____ and ____ designed and placed in nature by God
patterns; relationships
27
God designed the universe so it could be ____, and He created man with the ability to ____ the mysteries of the universe
studies; comprehend
28
Based on their properties, all substances can be classified as either ____ or ____
homogeneous; heterogeneous
29
Classification is the ______
organization of any subject into smaller categories
30
Properties are the _____
characteristics that distinguish a substance from other substances
31
This substance can be separated into components by distillation
solution
32
This substance is homogeneous
compound and solution
33
This substance consists of particles of one substance suspended in another
colloid
34
This substance is heterogeneous
mixture and colloid
35
This substance consists of central particles surrounded by ions
colloid
36
This substance can be separated into elements by heating or electrolysis
compound
37
The components of this substance combine but retain their individual properties
mixture
38
The elements of this substance combine in definite proportions
compound
39
The components of this substance uniformly combine but not in definite proportions
solution
40
This substance can be separated into components by filtration, distillation, or chromatography
mixture
41
This substance can be separated into components by applying heat, adding electrolytes, or applying an electrostatic charge
colloid
42
A ____ is the smallest division of a compound that retains the properties of that compound
molecule
43
The composition of a compound is expressed by chemical ____, which make up its chemical formula
symbols
44
In a chemical formula, each capital letter represents a different ____
element
45
____ is neither ____ nor ____ by chemical reactions
Mass; created; destroyed
46
Before colloidal particles can be separated from their medium, their ____ must be broken
ionic barrier
47
State the law of definite proportions
A given compound always contains the same exact proportion of elements by mass
48
State the law of conservation of mass
In an ordinary chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products
49
State the law of multiple proportions
When two elements form two or more different compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a fixed mass of the first element can always be expressed as a small whole number
50
A bonded collection of two or more atoms
molecule
51
material being dissolved
solute
52
scattering of light by particles in a colloid
Tyndall effect
53
porous solid
stationary phase
54
liquid or gas
mobile phase
55
positively charged ions
cation
56
negatively charged ion
anion
57
Match the people
Atoms consist of negative particles embedded in positively charged matter
Joseph John Thomson
58
Match the people
Matter is made up of an infinite number of particles called atoms
Democritus
59
Match the people
All matter consists of indivisible, indestructible particles called atoms
John Dalton
60
Match the people
Atoms consist of a nucleus around which electrons orbit
Ernest Rutherford
61
Person who devised the planetary model
Ernest Rutherford
62
Greek natural philosopher
Democritus
63
Match the people
First recorded atomic model
Democritus
64
Person who discovered electons
Joseph John Thomson
65
Person who devised the "plum pudding" atomic model
Joseph John Thomson
66
Person who did the alpha-scattering experiment
Ernest Rutherford
67
What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?
Solid dissolved in a liquid
distillation
68
What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?
two crystalline solid
fractional crystallization
69
What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?
undissolved solid in a liquid
filtration
70
What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?
gas in a gas
chromatography
71
What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?
two liquids with differing boiling points
distillation and fractional distillation
72
What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?
two liquids with differing affinities
chromatography
73
What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?
solid in a gas
filtration
74
Physical conditions, such as ____ and air ____, may affect the amount of solute that will form a solution when added to a solvent
temperature; pressure
75
Three methods by which colloidal particles may be separated from their medium
1. heating the suspension
2. adding an electrolyte to the medium
3. applying an electrostatic charge
76
In all three methods, the ____ are broken, the particles become ____ to each other, ____, and settle to the ____
ionic barrier; attracted; coagulate; bottom
77
The process of ____ involves separating the solute from the solvent by boiling off the solvent, collecting its vapor, and ____ it
distillation; condensing
78
Three common methods of separating components of a mixture are ____, ____, and ____
filtration; distillation; chromatography
79
The purpose of the ____ is to ____ by summarizing facts about them
atomic model; explain the behavior of the atoms
80
A photograph, called an ____, of an atom can be "taken" by using an ____ microscope and computer
electron photomicrograph; electron
81
____ are ____ that represent the ____ of the atom
Atomic models; simplified images; complex idea
82
series of lines given off by elements
bright-line emission spectrum
83
three-dimensional region where an electron might be located
orbital
84
state of lowest potential energy of an electron
ground state
85
What is the Aufbau principle?
An electron occupies lowest energy orbital that can receive it
86
What is Hund's rule?
orbitals of equal energy receive one electron before any orbital may receive a second electron
87
a discrete quantity of energy
quantum
88
quantum of light energy
photon
89
emission of electrons when exposed to light
photoelectric effect
90
Match the people
First to apply the quantum theory to atomic structure
Niels Bohr
91
Match the people
Formulated the uncertainty principle
Werner Heisenberg
92
Match the people
Performed the oil-drop experiment
Robert Millikan
93
Match the people
Proposed the wave mechanical model
Erwin Schrodinger
94
Match the people
Isolated the neutron
James Chadwick
95
Match the people
Discovered canal rays
Eugen Goldstein
96
Match the people
Theorized the dual nature of electrons
Louis de Broglie
97
Match the people
First proposed quantum theory
Max Planck
98
Match the people
Stated the exclusion principle
Wolfgang Pauli
99
According to the dual nature of an electron, electrons behave like ____ on a large scale and like ____ on a submicroscopic level
waves; particles
100
The quantum theory states that electrons absorb and emit energy in specific amounts called ____
quanta
101
If an electron jumps to an orbit closer to the nucleus, it ____ energy; if it jumps to an orbit farther from the nucleus, it ____ energy
releases; gains
102
The four parts of a quantum number are the:
1. principal quantum number
2. orbital quantum number
3. magnetic quantum number
4. spin quantum number
103
The two basic types of subatomic particles are ____ and ____
leptons; hadrons
104
The four types of leptons are:
1. electrons
2. muons
3. neutrinos
4. tau particles
105
Hadrons, which inhabit the ____, can be further classified into two groups: ____ and ____
nucleus; baryons; mesons
106
Protons and neutrons are both ____
baryons
107
Hadrons may be broken down into smaller particles called ____
quarks
108
For every subatomic particle of matter that exists, there seems to be a subatomic particle of ____
antimatter
109
If a particle of matter comes into contact with its antiparticle, ____ occurs
annihilation
110
The arrangement of electrons of an element is called an ____
electron configuration
111
Max Planck proposed the ____, which states that energy can only be absorbed or emitted in specific amounts called ____
quantum theory; quanta
112
According to the ____ model of the atom, electrons move around the nucleus in orbitals
wave-mechanical
113
The ______ states that it is impossible to determine both the ____ and ____ of an electron at any given moment
Heisenberg uncertainty principle; velocity; position
114
two protons and two neutrons
alpha particle
115
subatomic particles that are components of protons and neutrons
quarks
