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Science > Chemistry 1122 > Flashcards

Chemistry 1122 Flashcards

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1
Q

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom:

A

atomic number

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2
Q

What is a mole?

A

6.022 x 10(23)

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3
Q

The organization of any subject into smaller categories

A

classification

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4
Q

Name of the device that accelerates particles in a spiral path

A

cyclotron

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5
Q

Total number of particles in an atom’s nucleus

A

mass number

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6
Q

The mass of quantity of atoms compared to the mass of the same quantity of carbon-12 atoms

A

atomic mass

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7
Q

The characteristic that distinguishes one substance from another

A

property

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8
Q

Property describing how a substance chemically reacts with another

A

chemical property

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9
Q

Form of an element with the same atomic number but a different mass number

A

isotope

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10
Q

Smallest particle of matter that retains all properties of an element

A

atom

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11
Q

Simplest homogeneous substance

A

element

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12
Q

Substance with uniform properties throughout

A

homogeneous

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13
Q

Observable property that does not involve a chemical change

A

physical property

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14
Q

Three types of homogeneous substances:

A
  1. elements
  2. compounds
  3. solutions
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15
Q

An atom can be split only in a ____ but not by ____

A

nuclear reaction; chemical means

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16
Q

An element’s atomic number is the number of ____ and also the number of ____ in each atom of that element

A

protons; electrons

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17
Q

An atom must contain an equal number of ____ and ____ to maintain a neutral charge

A

protons; electrons

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18
Q

The two naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen are ____ and ____; the artificially produced isotope is ____

A

protium; deuterium; tritium

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19
Q

The abbreviation for ____ is amu

A

atomic mass unit

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20
Q

In any chemical reaction, the mass of the ____ equals the mass of the ____

A

final product; reactants

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21
Q

Atomic mass is determined by using ____ or ____ to compare the mass of a substance with the mass of an equal quantity of carbon-12 atoms

A

chemical analysis; mass spectography

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22
Q

A ____ measures atomic mass by measuring the angle of deflection of ____ onto a photographic plate

A

mass spectograph; light ions

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23
Q

____ elements are those beyond uranium (numbers 92-109) on the Periodic Table of the Elements

A

Transuranium

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24
Q

Name the seven elements mentioned in the Bible

A
  1. copper
  2. gold
  3. iron
  4. lead
  5. silver
  6. sulfur
  7. tin
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25
Q

Atomic mass is the ______

A

mass of a quantity of atoms of a particular element compared to the mass of the same quantity of carbon-12 atoms

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26
Q

A successful classification reveals the ____ and ____ designed and placed in nature by God

A

patterns; relationships

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27
Q

God designed the universe so it could be ____, and He created man with the ability to ____ the mysteries of the universe

A

studies; comprehend

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28
Q

Based on their properties, all substances can be classified as either ____ or ____

A

homogeneous; heterogeneous

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29
Q

Classification is the ______

A

organization of any subject into smaller categories

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30
Q

Properties are the _____

A

characteristics that distinguish a substance from other substances

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31
Q

This substance can be separated into components by distillation

A

solution

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32
Q

This substance is homogeneous

A

compound and solution

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33
Q

This substance consists of particles of one substance suspended in another

A

colloid

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34
Q

This substance is heterogeneous

A

mixture and colloid

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35
Q

This substance consists of central particles surrounded by ions

A

colloid

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36
Q

This substance can be separated into elements by heating or electrolysis

A

compound

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37
Q

The components of this substance combine but retain their individual properties

A

mixture

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38
Q

The elements of this substance combine in definite proportions

A

compound

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39
Q

The components of this substance uniformly combine but not in definite proportions

A

solution

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40
Q

This substance can be separated into components by filtration, distillation, or chromatography

A

mixture

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41
Q

This substance can be separated into components by applying heat, adding electrolytes, or applying an electrostatic charge

A

colloid

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42
Q

A ____ is the smallest division of a compound that retains the properties of that compound

A

molecule

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43
Q

The composition of a compound is expressed by chemical ____, which make up its chemical formula

A

symbols

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44
Q

In a chemical formula, each capital letter represents a different ____

A

element

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45
Q

____ is neither ____ nor ____ by chemical reactions

A

Mass; created; destroyed

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46
Q

Before colloidal particles can be separated from their medium, their ____ must be broken

A

ionic barrier

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47
Q

State the law of definite proportions

A

A given compound always contains the same exact proportion of elements by mass

48
Q

State the law of conservation of mass

A

In an ordinary chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products

49
Q

State the law of multiple proportions

A

When two elements form two or more different compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a fixed mass of the first element can always be expressed as a small whole number

50
Q

A bonded collection of two or more atoms

A

molecule

51
Q

material being dissolved

A

solute

52
Q

scattering of light by particles in a colloid

A

Tyndall effect

53
Q

porous solid

A

stationary phase

54
Q

liquid or gas

A

mobile phase

55
Q

positively charged ions

A

cation

56
Q

negatively charged ion

A

anion

57
Q

Match the people

Atoms consist of negative particles embedded in positively charged matter

A

Joseph John Thomson

58
Q

Match the people

Matter is made up of an infinite number of particles called atoms

A

Democritus

59
Q

Match the people

All matter consists of indivisible, indestructible particles called atoms

A

John Dalton

60
Q

Match the people

Atoms consist of a nucleus around which electrons orbit

A

Ernest Rutherford

61
Q

Person who devised the planetary model

A

Ernest Rutherford

62
Q

Greek natural philosopher

A

Democritus

63
Q

Match the people

First recorded atomic model

A

Democritus

64
Q

Person who discovered electons

A

Joseph John Thomson

65
Q

Person who devised the “plum pudding” atomic model

A

Joseph John Thomson

66
Q

Person who did the alpha-scattering experiment

A

Ernest Rutherford

67
Q

What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?

Solid dissolved in a liquid

A

distillation

68
Q

What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?

two crystalline solid

A

fractional crystallization

69
Q

What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?

undissolved solid in a liquid

A

filtration

70
Q

What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?

gas in a gas

A

chromatography

71
Q

What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?

two liquids with differing boiling points

A

distillation and fractional distillation

72
Q

What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?

two liquids with differing affinities

A

chromatography

73
Q

What is the best method of separating each mixture into components?

solid in a gas

A

filtration

74
Q

Physical conditions, such as ____ and air ____, may affect the amount of solute that will form a solution when added to a solvent

A

temperature; pressure

75
Q

Three methods by which colloidal particles may be separated from their medium

A
  1. heating the suspension
  2. adding an electrolyte to the medium
  3. applying an electrostatic charge
76
Q

In all three methods, the ____ are broken, the particles become ____ to each other, ____, and settle to the ____

A

ionic barrier; attracted; coagulate; bottom

77
Q

The process of ____ involves separating the solute from the solvent by boiling off the solvent, collecting its vapor, and ____ it

A

distillation; condensing

78
Q

Three common methods of separating components of a mixture are ____, ____, and ____

A

filtration; distillation; chromatography

79
Q

The purpose of the ____ is to ____ by summarizing facts about them

A

atomic model; explain the behavior of the atoms

80
Q

A photograph, called an ____, of an atom can be “taken” by using an ____ microscope and computer

A

electron photomicrograph; electron

81
Q

____ are ____ that represent the ____ of the atom

A

Atomic models; simplified images; complex idea

82
Q

series of lines given off by elements

A

bright-line emission spectrum

83
Q

three-dimensional region where an electron might be located

A

orbital

84
Q

state of lowest potential energy of an electron

A

ground state

85
Q

What is the Aufbau principle?

A

An electron occupies lowest energy orbital that can receive it

86
Q

What is Hund’s rule?

A

orbitals of equal energy receive one electron before any orbital may receive a second electron

87
Q

a discrete quantity of energy

A

quantum

88
Q

quantum of light energy

A

photon

89
Q

emission of electrons when exposed to light

A

photoelectric effect

90
Q

Match the people

First to apply the quantum theory to atomic structure

A

Niels Bohr

91
Q

Match the people

Formulated the uncertainty principle

A

Werner Heisenberg

92
Q

Match the people

Performed the oil-drop experiment

A

Robert Millikan

93
Q

Match the people

Proposed the wave mechanical model

A

Erwin Schrodinger

94
Q

Match the people

Isolated the neutron

A

James Chadwick

95
Q

Match the people

Discovered canal rays

A

Eugen Goldstein

96
Q

Match the people

Theorized the dual nature of electrons

A

Louis de Broglie

97
Q

Match the people

First proposed quantum theory

A

Max Planck

98
Q

Match the people

Stated the exclusion principle

A

Wolfgang Pauli

99
Q

According to the dual nature of an electron, electrons behave like ____ on a large scale and like ____ on a submicroscopic level

A

waves; particles

100
Q

The quantum theory states that electrons absorb and emit energy in specific amounts called ____

A

quanta

101
Q

If an electron jumps to an orbit closer to the nucleus, it ____ energy; if it jumps to an orbit farther from the nucleus, it ____ energy

A

releases; gains

102
Q

The four parts of a quantum number are the:

A
  1. principal quantum number
  2. orbital quantum number
  3. magnetic quantum number
  4. spin quantum number
103
Q

The two basic types of subatomic particles are ____ and ____

A

leptons; hadrons

104
Q

The four types of leptons are:

A
  1. electrons
  2. muons
  3. neutrinos
  4. tau particles
105
Q

Hadrons, which inhabit the ____, can be further classified into two groups: ____ and ____

A

nucleus; baryons; mesons

106
Q

Protons and neutrons are both ____

A

baryons

107
Q

Hadrons may be broken down into smaller particles called ____

A

quarks

108
Q

For every subatomic particle of matter that exists, there seems to be a subatomic particle of ____

A

antimatter

109
Q

If a particle of matter comes into contact with its antiparticle, ____ occurs

A

annihilation

110
Q

The arrangement of electrons of an element is called an ____

A

electron configuration

111
Q

Max Planck proposed the ____, which states that energy can only be absorbed or emitted in specific amounts called ____

A

quantum theory; quanta

112
Q

According to the ____ model of the atom, electrons move around the nucleus in orbitals

A

wave-mechanical

113
Q

The ______ states that it is impossible to determine both the ____ and ____ of an electron at any given moment

A

Heisenberg uncertainty principle; velocity; position

114
Q

two protons and two neutrons

A

alpha particle

115
Q

subatomic particles that are components of protons and neutrons

A

quarks

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