Chemistry 1131

Question 1

study of carbon and compounds containing carbon

Answer 1

organic chemistry

Question 2

ability of carbon atoms to bond with each other to form chains

Answer 2

catenation

Question 3

alternate form of an element in the same phase that has a different chemical and physical properties

Answer 3

allotrope

Question 4

carbon-containing residue with no definite crystalline shape

Answer 4

amorphous carbon

Question 5

dark brown or black solid containing amorphous carbon mixed with some organic or inorganic compounds

Answer 5

coal

Question 6

compound that contains carbon

Answer 6

organic compound

Question 7

compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures

Answer 7

isomers

Question 8

formula that indicates the exact number of atoms in a molecule and also shows how the atoms are bonded to each other

Answer 8

structural formula

Question 9

organic compound formed from only carbon and hydrogen

Answer 9

hydrocarbon

Question 10

atom or group of atoms, including elements other than hydrogen or carbon, which bond to a hydrocarbon and are responsible for the specific properties of the resulting organic compound

Answer 10

functional group

Question 11

hydrocarbon derivative in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more functional groups, and which are classified according to the functional group they contain

Answer 11

modified hydrocarbon

Question 12

In its elemental state, ____ may exist as soot, ___, or a fullerene

Answer 12

carbon; diamond

Question 13

A carbon atom may form as many as four ____ with other atoms

Answer 13

covalent bonds

Question 14

Carbon can form ___, double, or ___ covalent bonds

Answer 14

single; triple

Question 15

An area of contamination in an otherwise clear diamond is called ____

Answer 15

flaw

Question 16

Carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in ____ rings that lock together to form layers or sheets

Answer 16

hexagonal

Question 17

Weak ____ forces allow graphite layers to slide past each other, giving graphite a soft, slippery feel

Answer 17

intermolecular

Question 18

Fullerenes are extremely strong and resilient molecules, which, when subjected to moderate pressure, become stronger than _____

Answer 18

diamonds

Question 19

The shape of a carbon atom and its ability to form covalent bonds allow carbon atoms to link together to form open chains, open chains with ____, linked open chains, ____, plates, and networks

Answer 19

branches; rings

Question 20

Most substances containing amorphous carbon are formed from carbon-containing substances being decomposed by ____

Answer 20

heat and pressure

Question 21

Coal was formed from decaying plant matter called ____

Answer 21

peat

Question 22

Intense heat and pressure changed ___ into lignite. Additional heat and pressure changed lignite into ____. More heat and pressure ____ into ____

Answer 22

peat; bituminous coal; bituminous coal; anthracite coal

Question 23

The process called ___ drives off moisture , volatile materials, and most impurities from coal

Answer 23

destructive distillation

Question 24

Tubes of fullerenes called “___” have been developed

Answer 24

buckytubes

Question 25

All ____ compounds contain carbon, but not all compounds contain ____ are ____

Answer 25

organic; carbon; organic

Question 26

Heat moves easily through a diamond by the transfer of energy by ____ from one carbon atom to another, because the atoms have a small ____ and the force bonding them together is so strong

Answer 26

vibration; mass

Question 27

Many organic substances are ____, but most are synthetically produced

Answer 27

naturally ocurring

Question 28

Compounds containing the carbonate ____ and oxides of _____ are considered inorganic

Answer 28

anion; carbon

Question 29

Carbon atoms in a particular ____ formula can be arranged in different combinations to form new organic compounds

Answer 29

molecular

Question 30

As the number of carbon atoms in a molecular formula increases, the number of possible ____ increases

Answer 30

isomers

Question 31

In terms of chemical reactions, there is little difference between ____ compounds and inorganic compounds

Answer 31

organic

Question 32

Organic compounds will usually dissolve in ____ liquids

Answer 32

organic

Question 33

______ is the result of a heated organic substance _____ and leaving a residue

Answer 33

Charring; decomposing

Question 34

straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon whose carbon atoms are connected by single covalent bonds

Answer 34

alkane

Question 35

straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon in which two carbon atoms in each molecule are connected by a double bond

Answer 35

alkene

Question 36

hydrocarbon with six-membered carbon rings that exhibit resonance

Answer 36

aromatic hydrocarbon

Question 37

hydrocarbon in which each carbon atom forms four single covalent bonds with other atoms in the molecule

Answer 37

saturated hydrocarbon

Question 38

series of compounds in which adjacent members differ by the same group of atoms

Answer 38

homologous series

Question 39

reaction process in which the double bond of an alkene converts to a single bond so that carbon atoms can accommodate halogen atoms

Answer 39

halogenation

Question 40

large molecule constructed of repeating structural units linked together

Answer 40

polymer

Question 41

unsaturated hydrocarbon with one triple covalent bond between two carbon atoms

Answer 41

alkyne

Question 42

molecule formed from the combination of two identical, simple molecules

Answer 42

dimer

Question 43

treatment of rubber by heating it with sulfur

Answer 43

vulcanization

Question 44

Hydrocarbons are divided into four ____, each with different ____, and each family is determined by the type of bond between ____ in its molecules

Answer 44

families; characteristics; carbon atoms

Question 45

____ have a low chemical activity among the hydrocarbons because they are saturated with relatively strong ____ bonds

Answer 45

Alkanes; single

Question 46

Chain molecules usually bend, ____, and double back on themselves

Answer 46

twist

Question 47

Since alkenes have a ___ bond, an alkene with only one ____ atom is impossible

Answer 47

double; carbon

Question 48

Alkenes with halogens attached are usually an ___ liquid, so alkenes are also knwon as the ____ series

Answer 48

oily; olefin

Question 49

A bond in a ____ bond is easier to break than one in a double bond

Answer 49

triple

Question 50

The aromatic hydrocarbons are derived from the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, _____, whose carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagonal, ringlike structure called a _____

Answer 50

benzene; benzene ring

Question 51

Alkanes undergo ____, ____, and ____ reactions

Answer 51

combustion; substitution; dehydrogenation

Question 52

A substitution reaction occurs when a ____ atom is substituted for a ____ atom

Answer 52

halogen; hydrogen

Question 53

The name of a ____ is the same as that of its related open-chain molecule except the prefix cyclo- is added

Answer 53

cycloalkane

Question 54

An ____ reaction occurs when a double bond is broken and the electrons used in the double bond are used to form single bonds with other atoms or ions

Answer 54

addition

Question 55

Benzene tends to undergo ____ reactions rather than the ____ reactions expected of unsaturated hydrocarbons because of its ____ bond structure substitution; addition; hybrid

Answer 55

substitution; addition; hybrid

Question 56

The two main sources of hydrocarbons are ___ and ____

Answer 56

natural gas; petroleum

Question 57

Alkenes are prepared commercially by thermal cracking using ____, or by catalytic cracking using ____ and a ____

Answer 57

heat; heat; catalyst

Question 58

Excess ____ left from the production of alkynes by cracking hydrocarbons is used when carbon monoxide to produce methanol

Answer 58

hydrogen

Question 59

An alkyne burning in air produces ____, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, but an alkyne burning in an oxygen-rich environment does not produce ____

Answer 59

carbon; carbon

Question 60

A resonance hybrid bond is intermediate between a ____ bond and a ____ bond

Answer 60

single; double

Question 61

Most gasoline is produced by ____ cracking, during which heavier hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller alkane and alkene molecules, or by ____ cracking which produces alkenes, branched molecules, and aromatic compounds

Answer 61

thermal; catalytic

Question 62

Petroleum can be extracted from oil shale, which consists of an oillike substance called ___ contained in porous rock

Answer 62

kerogen

Question 63

carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom with a double covalent bond and to a hydrogen with a single bond

Answer 63

formyl group

Question 64

modified hydrocarbon that contains a formyl functional group

Answer 64

aldehyde

Question 65

carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond

Answer 65

carbonyl group

Question 66

modified hydrocarbon that contains a carbonyl functional group

Answer 66

ketone

Question 67

organic acid that contains a carboxyl functional group

Answer 67

carboxylic acid

Question 68

carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to another oxygen atom

Answer 68

ester functional group

Question 69

derivative of ammonia in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced with an alkyl

Answer 69

amine

Question 70

A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms have each been replaced by a ___ is called an alcohol

Answer 70

hydroxyl group

Question 71

Alcohol molecules join together by forming ___ bonds between the hydrogen atom in a hydroxyl group of one molecule and the ____ in a hydroxyl group of another molecule

Answer 71

hydrogen; oxygen atom

Question 72

`Removing a hydrogen from a benzene molecule creates a ____ group

Answer 72

phenyl

Question 73

Polyhalogenated derivatives of methane and ethane are known as ___ halohydrocarbons

Answer 73

Freon

Question 74

An aromatic aldehyde consists of a ____ group, a ____ functional group, and sometimes, one or more other substitution groups

Answer 74

phenyl; formyl

Question 75

The name of the ketone with a methyl to the left and a propyl to the right of a carbonyl group is ____

Answer 75

methyl propyl ketone