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Science > Chemistry 1128 > Flashcards

Chemistry 1128 Flashcards

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1
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

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2
Q

energy of position or state

A

potential energy

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3
Q

state function of a chemical reaction

A

internal energy

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4
Q

describes the disorder, or randomness, of a system

A

entropy

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5
Q

symbol for a change in energy

A

AE

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6
Q

type of energy used in a coil spring

A

elastic potential energy

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7
Q

released or absorbed in discrete amounts called quanta

A

energy

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8
Q

type of energy lost due to friction during energy conversion

A

heat

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9
Q

The type of energy transferred from a hot object is called ____ energy

A

thermal

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10
Q

____ potential energy is gained when an object is raised above ground level

A

Gravitational

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11
Q

Energy can be neither ____ nor destroyed

A

created

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12
Q

Work does not produce heat in a _____ environment

A

frictionless

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13
Q

____ energy is energy directly form the sun

A

Electromagnetic

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14
Q

A system is a sample of matter and energy under _____

A

observation

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15
Q

Kinetic energy is ___ related to velocity

A

directly

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16
Q

Potential energy is independent of the _____ history of the system in question

A

prior

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17
Q

An object at rest still has some ___ energy because the particles within it are moving

A

kinetic

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18
Q

The term ____ describes disorder, or randomness, of a system

A

entropy

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19
Q

The _______ is also known as the law of conservation of matter and energy

A

first law of thermodynamics

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20
Q

The theory of ____ is disproved by the second law of thermodynamics

A

evolution

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21
Q

An object ____ potential energy as it moves to a lower position

A

loses

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22
Q

Matter may be converted to ___

A

energy

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23
Q

There are ___ laws of thermodynamics

A

three

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24
Q

In order to perform work, you must ___ something with force

A

move

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25
Q

An object traveling on the ground has ___ gravitational potential energy as it relates to the ground

A

no

26
Q

Changing the mass of an object ___ its potential energy

A

changes

27
Q

The first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of ____ and ___ in the universe is constant

A

energy; matter

28
Q

The second law of thermodynamics states that in spontaneous irreversible process, the total ___ of the system and its surroundings always increases

A

entropy

29
Q

Chemical energy is stored in the ____ bonds of an object

A

chemical

30
Q

A reaction that requires energy to be applied to form the products is an ___ reaction

A

endothermic

31
Q

______ occur without an outside stimulus when reactants come into contact with each other

A

Spontaneous reactions

32
Q

In a chemical reaction, according to the law of thermodynamics, the mass of the ____ equals the mass of the object

A

reactants

33
Q

We cannot measure energy, but we can measure its ___

A

effects

34
Q

The second law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of _____ entropy

A

increasing

35
Q

study of heat energy changes that accompany chemical reactions

A

thermochemistry

36
Q

another name for heat of reaction

A

enthalpy of formation

37
Q

net energy change results in the release of energy

A

exothermic reaction

38
Q

includes the quantity of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction

A

thermochemical equation

39
Q

broken when energy is applied

A

chemical bonds

40
Q

net energy change results in absorption of energy

A

endothermic reaction

41
Q

specific form of energy applied to help reactions occur

A

electricity

42
Q

must be applied to break chemical bonds and released when the bonds are formed

A

energy

43
Q

A negative enthalpy of formation means heat is ____ by the formation of a compound

A

released

44
Q

Enthalpy is a ____ fuction

A

state

45
Q

A compound with a high ____ enthalpy of formation is usually a stable compound

A

negative

46
Q

Enthalpy can be measured only when it ____

A

changes

47
Q

The randomness, or disorder, of a system is called ___

A

entropy

48
Q

The reverse of the enthalpy of combustion reaction is the enthalpy of ____ reaction

A

formation

49
Q

Change in enthalpy minus the product of the Kelvin temperature and the entropy change is called ___ energy

A

free

50
Q

Enthalphy describes a state that includes all of the ff (3)

A

pressure
internal energy
volume

51
Q

Chemical bonds are broken when two compounds react, and ____ are formed

A

new bonds

52
Q

The enthalpy of change involved in producing a mole of compound is called the enthalpy of ____

A

formation

53
Q

The enthalpy of combustion is the amount of heat released by the combustion of one ___ of a material

A

mole

54
Q

The enthalpy of formation for a combustible compound is found by using ____ law and the enthalpy of combustion

A

Hess’s

55
Q

Reactants with low ____ tend to remain unreactive

A

enthalpy

56
Q

Two factors, enthalpy and ____, work together to provide the driving force for chemical reactions

A

entropy

57
Q

If the value of free energy for a reaction is negative, the reaction proceeds ____

A

spontaneously

58
Q

Dissociation releases ____

A

energy

59
Q

Hess’s law states that the change in enthalphy of a compound is the same whether the reaction forming the compound is completed in ___ step or in ___ steps

A

one; several

60
Q

A system with high enthalphy tens to move toward a state of ___ enthalphy but high entropy

A

lower

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