Chemistry week 2 exam Flashcards
Proteins, Carbohydrates, and lipids are the three major biochemical compounds of human metabolism. What is the element that distinguishes PROTEINS from carbohydrate lipid compound
Nitrogen
Considered as a negative acute phase reactant
Albumin
Marker for wilson’s disease
Ceruloplasmin
Basis for the kjeldahl technique for the determination of serum total proteins
Quantification of the nitrogen content of protein
Which of the following protein fraction has the greatest concentration in the serum of healthy individuals
Albumin
Inflammation would spike on what region?
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, and Beta
Major end product of protein and amino acid metabolism
Urea
Uric acid - end product of purine
Ammonia - end product of amino acid
In the ultraviolet procedure for quantifying uric acid, what does the reaction between uric and and uricase cause
Reduction of phosphotungstic acid
Which total protein requires copper sulfate, potassium iodide in sodium hydroxide, and potassium sodium TARTRATE in its reagent system
Biuret
Inulin clearance can be used for the assessment of glomerular filtration capacity because inulin is
Filtered by the glomerulus but not reabsorbed in the tubules
Total protein determination:
Biuret
Jaffe
Micro-kjeldahl nessler
Hexokinase
Biuret and Micro-kjeldahl
Jaffe - crea
Hexokinase - glucose
Multiple myeloma
Monoclonal peak Tall and spiked gamma globulin
Preferred dye for CSF eelectrophoresis
Coomasie Brillant Blue
Decreased AFP
Down syndrome
Spina bifida and Neural tube defects = increased
Almost 90% excreted in urine
Urea and creatinine
Urea determination
DAM
FEARON
JAFFE
CARAWAY
DAM - Diacetyl monoxime method
Fearon method
Jaffe method = creatinine
Caraway = Uric acid
Elevated creatinine level
Muscular dystrophies
Myasthenia gravis
Dermatomyositis
Familial periodic paralysis
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Post-renal causes of azotemia
Stones
Tumors
Prostatic enlargement
Dehydration
Stones
Tumors
Prostatic enlargement
Dehydration - pre-renal
Pre-renal is in blood circulation
renal is in kidney
post-renal is in urinary tract and bladder
Diminished glomerular filtration with normal renal function may cause
Elevated BUN and normal creatinine
Uric acid determination
Caraway method
Henry’s method
Uricase method
O-dianisidinemethod
Caraway method
Henry’s method
Uricase method
O-dianisidinemethod - glucose
Jaffe reagent is an unstable reagent that will convert into? upon prolonged standing
Picramic acid and methyl guanidine
The laboratory test used for diagnosis of cystinuria is sodium nitroprusside test. The positive end color for this is red-purple
1st statement is incorrect, second is correct
Cyanide nitroprusside dapat hindi sodium nitroprusside
Patients with multiple myeloma would have an increased amount of bence jones proteins. This creates the characteristic monoclonal peak and tall and curved pattern
Both statements are correct
An alpha-1 flat curved would be observed in albumin deficiency, it is associated with nephrotic syndrome
Both false
Alpha-1 flat curved = juvenile cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome = Alpha 2 spike
Fuller’s earth, which is used in the modified jaffe reaction is composed of sodium aluminum silicate. Alkaline picrate solution is used in the enzymatic reaction for creatinine determination
1st statement is incorrect, 2nd is correct
Fuller’s earth is composed of aluminum magnesium silicate. Sodium aluminum silicate is for Lloyd’s.
Reye’s syndrome can be diagnosed by measuring ammonia levels in CSF. Ammonia is the product of amino acid decarboxylation
Both incorrect
ammonia’s level should be increased in serum.
Ammonia is the product of amino acid deamination
Serves as transport protein for T4 and retinol
Transthyretin
Landmark to confirm if the specimen is really a CSF
Pre-albumin
A1-acidy glycoprotein is also known as
Orosomucoid
Levels of CRP is ____ in bacterial infection, and ____ in viral infection
High, decreased
Upon what is the intensity of the color produced in the biuret reaction dependent?
Number of peptied bonds
Most commonly used dye in the albumin determination
Bromcresol green
Most specific dye used in the albumin determination
Bromcresol purple
Slowest band in the normal serum protein
Gamma globulin
Beta-gamma bridging is observed in
Hepatic cirrhosis
TPN is obtained by multiplying the value of
6.25
NPN with greatest concentration
Urea
Synthesized from amino acid arginine, methionine, and glycine. It is increased in MUSCULAR dystrophies
Creatine
Major end product of purine metabolism
Uric acid
Increased level of serum albumin
Dehydration
Which of the following binds with hemoglobin to facilitate the removal of hemoglobin by the reticuloendothelial system
Haptoglobin
A copper transport protein that migrates as an alpha-globulin
Ceruloplasmin
Tyrosinemia is a condition involving deficiency in fumarylacetoacetase. This is characterized by excretion of tyrosine and tyrosine catabolites in urine.
1st is correct, 2nd is incorrect
Excretion of tyrosine catabolites lang
Reference method for measuring glomerular filtrating rate
Inulin clearance
Pre-renal causes of azotemia
Hemorrhage
Burns
High protein diet
Tumors
C
Tumors is post-renal
During chemotherapy for leukemia, which of the following analytes would most likely be elevated in the blood
Uric acid
Albumin is the most abundant protein and major transporter. It is an acute phase reactant
Both correct
Which of the following protein is not manufactured by the liver
IgG
Immunoglobulins and some coag factors such as VWF
The protein that has the highest dye-binding capacity?
Albumin
In electrophoresis, when the sample is placed in an electric field connected to a buffer of 8.6, all proteins
have negative charge
MSUD is characterized by an increase in which of the following urinary amino acids?
Valine, Leucine, and isoleucine
PKU is deficient in what enzyme?
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
A patient is admitted with hepatic cirrhosis. If
a serum protein electrophoresis is performed,
which of the following globulin fractions will be most elevated?
Beta globulin and gamma globulin
Nephrotic syndrome electrophoresis increase
Alpha-2 globulin
Urea concentration is calculated from the BUN by multiplying by a factor of?
2.14
Used as an index of OVERALL renal function
Creatinine
Inulin = reference method
In Jaffe reaction, creatinine reacts with
Alkaline picrate solution to yield an
orange red-complex.
Which of the following represent the end-product of purine metabolism in humans
DNA and RNA
Salivary amylase
Ptyalin
From acinar cells of the pancreas for conversion of dextrin to maltose
Amylopsin
Greatest activity of serum ast and alt are seen in?
Acute viral hepatitis
Hepatobillary = ALP and GGT
Hepatocellular = ALP and AST
Malic dehydrogenase is added to the AST reaction catalyzes the conversion of
oxaloacetate to malate
Clinical assay for tumor marker is most
important for
Monitoring the course of a known cancer
Tumor marker for breast cancer
i. Estrogen receptor
ii. Progesterone receptor
iii. Her2/neu
iv. BRCA-1
All of the above
Enzyme involved in the conversion of biliverdin to b1
Biliverdin reductase
B1 to b2 = UDPGT
Delta bilirubin refers to?
Bilirubin tightly bound to albumin
jaundice is also known as “icterus”. This is due
to the accumulation of abnormal amounts of
conjugated bilirubin only.
1st is correct, 2nd incorrect
Elevated in post-hepatic jaundice
Direct bilirubin
The hereditary defect characterized by
excretion deficit of conjugated bilirubin into
the canaliculi caused by the hepatocyte
membrane defect
Dubin-johnson and rotor syndrome
Danger of kernicterus is a certainty at bilirubin levels exceeding?
> 20mg/dL
treat with phototherapy
Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive jaundice
The ration of direct to total bilirubin is greater than 1:2
Which statement about colorimetric bilirubin are true
Most method are based upon
reaction with diazotized sulfanilic
acid
Most commonly used method of bilirubin assay that uses caffeine sodium benzoate as a coupling accelerator
Jendrasskin - grof
Si grof nagkakape (caffeine) gamit ang alkaline water na blue
Si evelyn ay toxic (acid) dahil siya ay nag memethanol na red
Identify the tumor marker associated with the
following types of cancer/carcinomas
Amylase-
Her2/neu-
Nuclear matrix protein-
Amylase – Pancreatic Cancer
Her2/neu – Breast cancer
Nuclear matrix protein – Urinary
bladder cancer
Function of protein (a)
Acid base balance (blood pH)
Immunologic function
True about tertiary structure of proteins (a)
Maintained by electrovalent linkage
Simple protein (a)
VLDL
AAT
Chromatin
Ferritin
None
Pre albumin
Known as transthyretin
serves a a transport protein
2d halflife
landmark to confirm csf
All are true
Most abundant protein is synthesized in the?
Liver
Maternal serum afp screening (a)
Neural tube defect, spina bifida, Down syndrome
Beta gamma bridging
Hepatic cirrhosis
Presence of fibrinogen
Albumin is ___ in inflammation
decreased (negative APR)
Absence of alpha ketoacid decarboxylase
MSUD
True about inulin clearance
Reference method of GFR
Requires continuous IV infusion
Routine method for measure of GFR
Reference method of GFR
Requires continuous IV infusion
Test for GFR
Creatinine clearance
Cystatin C
B trace protein
Bun
Creatinine clearance
Cystatin C
B trace protein
Major end product of dietary protein and amino acid catabolism
BUN
Sample that can be used for uric acid determination
Fasting
Serum left at room temp for weeks
Blood on tube containing potassium oxalate
Serum frozen and thawed multiple times
Fasting sample
Increased BUN,crea, UA, and other nitrogenous waste
Uremia
Partial deficiency of UDPGT
Type 2 crigler najjar syndrome
TROP I
Myoglobin
BNP
Cardiac
Haptoglobin
AMC
Ceruloplasmin
Alpha-2 globulin
Diodrast test
Phorosulfonthalein
Osmolality
Measure tubular function
