Chemistry exams Flashcards by Potato Patata

Identification of a patient can be obtained from the following except:

A. Verbal identification statement
B. Identification band
C. A relative, nurse, or attending physician
D. Patient on the same ward

D. Patient on the same ward

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True about plasma except:
A. Liquid Portion of an anticoagulated blood
B. Requires centrifugation to be obtained but does not need to be allowed to clot
C. Does not contain Fibrinogen
D. Has a high water content

C. Does not contain fibrinogen
Consumption of fibrinogen is in serum. PLASMA DOES NOT CLOT THEREFORE FIBRINOGEN IS STILL PRESENT

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Ideal for glucose determination
A. Serum sample from a plain tube
B. Serum obtained from a gel separator tube
C. Whole blood with fluoride

C. Whole blood with Fluoride

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All are NOT true about tourniquet except:
A. Should be applied near the site of collection
B. Application is required for arterial puncture
C. Paper tourniquet may be reused
D. Blood pressure cuff must be inflated up to 40-60 mmHg

D. Blood pressure cuff must be inflated up to 40-60 mmHg
Not true except yung tanong thus tama yung TRUE yung D.

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Reusable tourniquets have a high risk of transmitting:
A. Blood borne diseases
B. Skin penetrating parasites
C. Antibiotic resistant bacteria

C. Antibiotic resistant bacteria
Blood borne diseases - needle prick

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Difference between a plastic and glass plain tube is that the former:
1. Contains clot activator
2. Requires 5x inversion
3. No clot activator
4. No inversion required

3 and 4

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Basal state means

Fasting samples are collected early in the morning with no strenuous activities

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To decrease the rate of glycolysis by the WBC, whole blood for glucose determination must be stored at?

Ref temp - Slows down degradation

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Which of the following does NOT properly describe type 1 DM
A. absolute insulin deficiency
B. Associated with autoimmune destruction of pancreatic B-cells
C. Ketoacidosis prone
D. occurs more frequently in ADULTS

D. occurs more frequently in ADULTS
Type 1 DM is juvenile onset diabetes

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Which glucose method catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose by adenosine triphosphate forming glucose-6-phosphate and adenosine diphosphate with the absorbance of the product read at 340nm

Hexokinase - ATP > G6P and ADP

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Reference interval for fasting serum glucose in an adult expressed in SI unit

3.3-5.6 mmol/L

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Glucose conversion factor

0.0555

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Glucose unit measured using Hexokinase method
A. Alpha-D-Glucose
B. Beta-D-Glucose

Both A and B are correct

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Which of the following is true about type II diabetes
1. Adult-onset diabetes mellitus
2. Can be caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
3. Insulin dependent type of diabetes mellitus
4. C-Peptide levels are detectable

1 and 4

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A 68-yea-old obese woman visits her doctor reporting increased urination (especially at night), increased thirst, and increased appetite. Her glucose on examination was 210mg/dL (fasting) Which of the following statements best fits with the given information above?
A. Type 1 DM
B. Patients urine will show a positive glucose
C. Impaired fasting glucose
D. Decreased HBA1C

B and C
Renal glucose threshold is 160-180mg/dL
Impaired fasting glucose kasi borderline pa lang

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What effect if any, would be expected when the secretion of epinephrine is stimulated by physical or emotional stress
A. Decrease blood glucose level
B. Increased blood glucose level
C. Increased glycogen storage
D. No effect

B. Increased glucose level
Epinephrine will trigger the release of cortisol, cortisol makes glucose higher

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Cut off value for HDL cholesterol
A. 30mg/dL
B. 40mg/dL
C. 50 mg/dL
D. 60 mg/dL

B. 40mg/dL - desirable
Mas maganda mas mataas HDL

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A patient sample is assayed for fasting TAG and a TAG value of 1036 mg/dL. This value is of immediate concern because of its association with which of the following conditions?
A. CHD
B. Diabetes
C. Pancreatitis

C. Pancreatitis
TAG value of over 500 mg/dL is associated with liver and pancreas problem

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Which of the following would be expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a non-fasting patient
A. Cholesterol
B. TAG
C. HDL
D. LDL

TAG

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Pre-mature atherosclerosis can occur when which of the following becomes elevated
A. Chylomicrons
B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. HDL

C. LDL

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When electrophoresed, migration of lipoprotein starting from anode will be?

HDL - VLDL - LDL - Chylomicrons

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Turbid serum sample caused by VLDL after overnight would have?

Turbid supernatant without creamy layer on top

Clear supernatant with creamy layer on top = chylomicrons
Turbid supernatant with creamy layer on top = Chylomicrons and VLDL

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Level of cholesterol considered as borderline high and treatment should start

200-239 mg/dL

<200mg/dL = Normal
>240 mg/dL = High

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VLDL
a. Obstructive jaundice
b. Floating beta-lipoprotein

B. Floating beta-lipoprotein

LPx - Obstructive jaundice
LP(a) - Sinking pre-beta

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Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are the three major biochemical compounds of human metabolism. What is the element that distinguish proteins from carbohydrate and lipid compounds?

Nitrogen

Negative acute phase reactant

Albumin

Marker for wilson's disease

Ceruloplasmin

Basis for the kjedahl technique for determination of serum total protein?

Quantification of the nitrogen content of protein

Which of the following protein fraction has the greatest concentration in the serum of healthy individuals A. Alpha-globulin B. Beta-Globulin C. Gamma-Globulin D. Albumin

D. Albumin

In inflammation there would be a spike on what region? A. Alpha 1 B. Alpha 2 C. Beta D. AOTA

D. All of the above

Alpha1- globulin flat curve

Juvenile cirrhosis

Alpha2-globulin band spike

Nephrotic syndrome

Beta-gamma bridging

Hepatic cirrhosis

Monoclonal gammopathy (gamma spike)

Multiple myeloma

Polyclonal gammopathy

RA and malignancy

Small spike in beta-region

IDA

Major end product of protein and amino acid catabolism A. Uric acid B. Urea C. Amino Acid D. Ammonia

B. Urea Uric acid - end product of purine Ammonia - Amino acid

In the ultraviolet procedure for quantifying uric acid, what does the reaction between uric acid and uricase cause

Reduction of phosphotungstic acid

Which total protein method requires copper sulfate, potassium iodide in sodium hydroxide, and potassium sodium tartrate in its reagent system?

Biuret

Inulin clearance can be used for the assessment of glomerular filtration capacity because inulin is

Filtered by the glomerulus but not reabsorbed in the tubules

Total protein determination I. Biuret II. Jaffe method III. Micro-kjedahl nessler IV. Hexokinase

I and III Jaffe is for crea Hexokinase is for glucose

Multiple myeloma I. Tall and curved gamma globulin II. Tall and spiked gamma globulin III. Polyclonal Peak IV. Monoclonal peak

II and IV

Preferred dye for CSF electrophoresis

Coomasie Brilliant blue

Decreased alpha-fetoprotein I. Spina bifida II. Liver carcinoma III. Neural tube defects IV. Down syndrome

Almost 90% excreted in the urine

Urea and creatinine

SI unit that is utilized for volume

Liter

Water that has been purified to remove almost all organic materials by being boiled and vaporized and collected after condensation

Distilled water

Acceptable for analysis or reagent preparation A. Distilled water B. Autoclave water

A is correct Autoclave is for washing of glassware

It is the no. of units that can combine with or replace 1 mole of hydrogen ions for acids, hydroxyl ions for bases and the number of electrons exchanged in oxidation reduction reactions.

Valence

In diluting solutions, what happens to the volume and the concentration

Volume increases and concentration decreases

What is the dilution factor of a 6mL serum diluted to 10mL of distilled water

dilution = 3:8 Ratio = 3:5 Ratio = Amt of solute/ amt of solvent Dilution = amt of solute / total amt of solute/solvent

Glassware used for making optical reflectors and for analytical works that require high precision

High silica glass

Glass with high thermal resistance used for hot plates

Glass ceramics

True about TC pipettes

Hold a particular volume but does not dispense that exact volume Calibrated using distilled and dispense the indicated volume = To deliver pipette TD(istilled water) TC(merCury) Rate of delivery must never be hastened by blowing - self draining

Etched rings near the mouth of pipette

Blow out pipette Oswald-folin and serological pipette

Mohr pipette differs from serological pipette because the latter

Has calibration to the tips and is a blowout pipette

_____ chemicals have additional purification purification steps for use in specific procedures such as chromatography immunoassays, molecular diagnostics, standardization

Ultrapure

Derived from human blood and resembles patient sample

Control solution Utilized for precision

Colorless solution, utilized for accuracy

Standard solution

Reagent blank and water blank

To set the spectrophotometer to zero

Relationship of energy and wavelength

Is described by the Planck's formula and is inversely propotional

The relationship with frequency and energy

is directly proportional

Type of spectrophotometer that uses two photodetectors

Double-beam in space spectrophotometer

AAS is based on the measurement of?

Light absorbed at wavelength of resonance line by unexcited atom Light given by excited atoms - FES

Beer's law

Absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration Transmittance is inversely proportional to the concentration

Type of monochromator that can be rotate, allowing only the desired wavelength to pass through an exit slit

Prisms - Siya lang ang pwede irotate Diffraction gratings - may groups para maisolate yung desired wavelength

It is used for compounds that are naturally volatile or can easily converted into a volatile form

Gas chromatography Like dissolves like GC/MS - Confirmatory for drugs of abuse

Which of the following statements best describes discrete analysis

Each sample-reagent mixture is handled separately in its own reaction vessel Carryover is downside for continuous Discrete - only model with random access Flow analyzer- batch analysis

Design of an automated analyzer which performs one test for multiple specimens

Batch analyzer Parallel = multiple test, one patient Sequential = Multiple process, 1 sample

Purpose of air bubbles in continuous flow analyzers, except?

Induce cross contamination between samples

Measurement of light scattered by a particulate ssolution

Nephelometry Turbidimetry - Light blocked

Alcohol ingestion

Decrease blood glucose and increase blood uric acid

Plastic tube with red stopper

Inverted 5x and Non-additive Pag glass no need for invertion

Blood samples should not be obtained from

Over/under fasting patients Unidentified patients Sleeping patients

Differences in the value of certain analytes during the day and night is due to

Diurnal variation

The ability of a method to measure only the analyte of interest without the interference of some other substance present in the same sample

Specificity

Tangier's Disease

Familial hypo-a-lipoproteinemia