Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chemistry Of Life > Flashcards

Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Cells break down macromolecules by a process of adding a water molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugar and starches and the bodies most readily available source of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simple sugars (glucose, fructose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Disaccharide

A

2 monosaccharides (enzymes and sucrose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Complex sugars and starches for energy storage (cellulose, glycogen in animals, starches in plants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lipids

A

Composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains linked together by condensation (fatty acid to glycerol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are cell membranes made up of?

A

Phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Polar head of a lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Non-polar tail of a lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Steroid

A

A lipid bent to form 4 fused rings of a carbon skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the base steroid?

A

Cholesterol (produces other steroids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Elements

A

Pure substances that cannot be broken down chemically into similar kinds of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atoms

A

The simplest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Protons

A

+ charge
In nucleus
All atoms of a given element have the same # of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neutral atom

A

Protons=electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Electrons

A
  • charge
    Outside the nucleus
    Travel at very high speeds at various distances or energy levels from the nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many electron energy levels are there?

A

7
1st holds 2 electrons
2nd-7th holds 8 electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When are atoms most stable?

A

When they have a full outermost energy level because its less reactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Compounds

A

Made from atoms of 2 or more elements (most elements don’t exist by themselves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What affects the combination of elements?

A

and arrangement of electrons in there outermost energy level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of eletrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Atoms transfer or loss or gain electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Positive ions

A

Atom loses electrons and has more protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Negative ions

A

Atoms gain electrons and have less protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Polar molecule

A

Regions are slightly negative and positive (water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hydrogen bounds

A

Bonds that form between polar molecules (water, proteins, DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 3 important properties of matter?

A

High specific heat (caused by hydrogen bounds)
Cohesion
Adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cohesion

A

Makes water molecules stick together cause of hydrogen bounds (surface tension)

30
Q

Adhesion

A

Water molecules stick to other things

31
Q

What is greater adhesion or cohesion?

A

Adhesion

32
Q

Solution

A

A mixture of substances that is the same throughout

33
Q

Solvent

A

Substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance

34
Q

Solute

A

Substance that dissolves in a solvent

35
Q

Do polar and non-polar molecules mix?

A

No

36
Q

Acid

A

High H+ concentration
pH less than 7
Releases a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water

37
Q

Base

A

Removes hydrogen ions from a solution
Low H+ concentration
pH greater than 7

38
Q

Buffers

A

Locks up hydrogen ions
Neutralizes acids
Maintains homeostasis

39
Q

pH scale

A

The scale at which acids and bases are measured

40
Q

7pH

A

Neutral

41
Q

What is a versatile atom?

A

Carbon

42
Q

Why is carbon a versatile atom?

A

It can form up to for covalent bounds and it is found everywhere

43
Q

Monomer

A

A small molecule that isn’t linked yet to another molecule

44
Q

Polymer

A

Many molecules

45
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large molecules

46
Q

Condensation/dehydration synthesis

A

Cells link monomers by a process by removing a molecule of water

47
Q

Proteins

A

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds

48
Q

What is the structure of amino acids?

A

Amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, side group

49
Q

Nucleotides

A

5 carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

50
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Polymers of nucleotides

51
Q

Chemical reactions

A

Change substances into different substances by breaking or forming chemical bonds

52
Q

Reactants

A

Substances changed during a chemical reaction

53
Q

Products

A

Substances made by a chemical reaction

54
Q

Bond energy

A

The amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms (differs for each bond)

55
Q

Chemical equilibrium

A

When both the reactants and products are made at the same rate (must be balanced and equal on both sides)

56
Q

Activation energy

A

The amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start

57
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

Releases more energy than it absorbs, energy moves out, products have a lower bond energy than reactants (cellular respiration)

58
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

Energy moves in, when the products have a higher bond energy than reactants (photosynthesis)

59
Q

Catalysts

A

Reduce the needed activation energy, increase reaction speed, not changed or used up during a reaction

60
Q

Biological catalysts

A

Enzymes (reusable)

61
Q

Enzymes are found where?

A

Mostly proteins

62
Q

-ase

A

Enzymes

63
Q

Substrate

A

Substance enzyme works on that fits in the active site

64
Q

Active site

A

A restricted region of an enzyme molecule which binds to the substrate

65
Q

Induced fit

A

A change in the configuration of an enzymes active site with hydrogen bonds

66
Q

What effects enzyme activity?

A

Environmental conditions or temperature,pH neutrality, and denature

67
Q

Denature

A

Dis activates an enzyme

68
Q

Carbohydrates function

A

Energy for cells

69
Q

Lipid function

A

Issuable energy for cells store large a,punts of energy

70
Q

Protein function

A

Help repair the cell

71
Q

Nucleic acids function

A

Helps build proteins

72
Q

What makes an organic compound organic?

A

Contains carbon

Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions