Biotechnology

Question 1

Restriction enzymes:

Answer 1

Enzymes that cut DNA molecules @ specific nucleotide sequences

Question 2

Gel electrophoresis:

Answer 2

An electrical current used to separate a mixture of DNA fragments from one and another

Question 3

Restriction maps:

Answer 3

Show lengths of DNA fragments between restriction sites in a strand of DNA

Question 4

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):

Answer 4

Technique that produces millions or even billions of copies of a specific DNA sequence in a few hours

Question 5

Primer:

Answer 5

Short segment of DNA that acts as the starting point for a new strand

Question 6

DNA fingerprint:

Answer 6

Is a representation of parts of an individual’s DNA that can be used for identification/ identify a person @ molecular level

Question 7

Clone:

Answer 7

Identical copy of something

Question 8

Genetic engineering:

Answer 8

Changing of an organisms DNA to give the organism new traits is called “”

Question 9

Recombinant DNA:

Answer 9

Contains genes from more than 1 organism

Question 10

Plasmids:

Answer 10

Closed loops of DNA that are separate from the bacterial chromosome and that replicate on their own w/in the cell

Question 11

Transgenic:

Answer 11

1 or more genes from another organism inserted into its genome

Question 12

Gene knockout:

Answer 12

Test by “turning genes off”

Question 13

Genomics:

Answer 13

Study of genomes

Question 14

Gene sequencing:

Answer 14

Determining the order of DNA nucleotides in genes or in genomes

Question 15

Human genome project :

Answer 15

Map and sequence all DNA base pairs of human chromosomes

Identify all of the genes within the sequence

Question 16

Bioinformatics:

Answer 16

In the use of computer databases to organize and analyze biological data

Question 17

Proteomics:

Answer 17

Study and comparison of all the proteins that result from an organisms genome

Question 18

Genetic screening:

Answer 18

Testing DNA to determine a persons risk of having/ passing on a genetic disorder

Question 19

Gene therapy:

Answer 19

Replacement of a detective or missing gene or the addition of a new gene into a persons genome to treat a disease