Cell Structure

Question 1

Prokaryotic

Answer 1

Earliest type of cell, lacks a nucleus and organelles, small, found in every habitat (bacteria)

Question 2

Eukaryotic

Answer 2

Newer, larger, has a nucleus and organelles, more complex (cells in plants and animals)

Question 3

Organelles only found in animal cells

Answer 3

Lysosomes and centrioles

Question 4

Organelles found only in plant cells

Answer 4

Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole

Question 5

Lysosomes

Answer 5

Trash can of the cell, enzymes break down worn out cell parts and large molecules

Question 6

Centrioles

Answer 6

Paired cylinder tubes that play an important role in cell division

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

Made of cellulose fibers in a matrix of protein, provides rigidity to plant cells (keeps its shape)

Question 8

Chloroplast

Answer 8

Contains chlorophyll, a pigment that is essential for capturing energy in sunlight, the site of photosynthesis

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

Large fluid filled structure, regulates water in cells, stores nutrients and waste products

Question 10

Plasma membrane

Answer 10

Gateway to the cell made of a phospholipid biz layer, cholesterol, proteins, glycocalyx (carb)

Question 11

Phospholipid

Answer 11

Has two non-polar fatty acid chains and a polar head made of phosphate and glycerol that make up the cell membrane (selective in what passes)

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

Movement of a substance from an area of high to low concentration to reach equilibrium (passive or no energy used)

Question 13

Osmosis

Answer 13

Diffusion of water across the cell membrane, semipermeable and passive

Question 14

Effects of osmosis

Answer 14

Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic solution

Question 15

Isotonic solution

Answer 15

The same concentration of dissolved particles as the cell, water moves in and out at an equal rate and size remains constant

Question 16

Hypertonic

Answer 16

Higher concentration due to water flowing out of the cell and cell shrinks or dies

Question 17

Hypotonic

Answer 17

Lower concentration due to water moving in the cell and it expands or even bursts

Question 18

Active transport

Answer 18

Movement in a cell from low to high concentration, going against the gradient, requires ATP, very energy expensive

Question 19

Endocytosis

Answer 19

Moving things in (pirocytosis)

Question 20

Exoctosis

Answer 20

Moving things out

Question 21

Cytoskeleton

Answer 21

Supports and shapes the cell

Question 22

Nucleus

Answer 22

Contains DNA

Question 23

Organelle

Answer 23

Generic membrane enclosed structure

Question 24

Ribosomes

Answer 24

Protein is manufactured on these

Question 25

Mitochondria

Answer 25

Helps release energy from food molecules

Question 26

Cell wall

Answer 26

Allows for development of turgor pressure

Question 27

Nuclear envelope

Answer 27

Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Question 28

Golgi apparatus

Answer 28

Packages cell products for export from the cell

Question 29

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 29

Synthesis and transport of lipids and membrane proteins

Question 30

Cytoplasm

Answer 30

Cell contents outside the nucleus