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Chemistry mock revision Flashcards

1
Q

How are giant ionic lattices formed

A

Giant ionic lattices are formed when ions attract each other and form regular patterns with oppositely charged ions

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2
Q

How does an atom become positive live charged

A

An atom becomes positively charged when it loses an electron

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3
Q

How does an atom become negatively charged

A

An atom becomes negatively charged when it gains an electron

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4
Q

What is an ion

A

An ion is a charged atom which has gained or lost an electron

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5
Q

When an atom becomes an ion how many electrons does it want on its outer shell

A

An atom wants 8 electrons in its outer shell so that it can become stable

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6
Q

What is collision theory

A

Collision theory is where reactants have enough energy for a collision between particles to react successfully

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7
Q

What is activation energy

A

For a reaction to take place particles of the reactants must successfully collide with each other to react. The minimum amount of energy particles needed to react is the activation energy

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8
Q

Give 4 factors that affect the rate of reaction

A

Factors that affect the rate of reaction are temperature, concentration, the presence of a catalyst, pressure, and the surface area

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9
Q

What is the rate of reaction

A

The rate of reaction is how fast chemical reactions take place

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10
Q

How do you measure the rate of reaction

A

The rate of reaction is: amount of reactant divided by the time taken

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11
Q

What is an element

A

Elements are the simplest substances that cannot be broken down

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12
Q

What is an atom

A

Atoms are the smallest part of an element that share the chemical properties of the element

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13
Q

What is a compound

A

A compound is a substance made when 2 or more elements are chemically bonded together

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14
Q

What is a mixture

A

A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances which keeps its individual chemical properties (they are not bonded)

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15
Q

What is the name of the pattern formed using chromatography

A

It is a chromatogram

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16
Q

What method of separation is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

A

Filtration is used to an insoluble solid from a liquid

17
Q

What is the method used to separate a soluble solid form a liquid

A

You separate a soluble solid from a liquid through, evaporation and crystallisation

18
Q

Who discovered the plum pudding model was wrong

A

Ernest Rutherford

19
Q

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table

A

He believed that new elements would be discovered

20
Q

Predict whether iodine is displaced by chlorine in a solution of potassium iodine

A

The chlorine is displaced

21
Q

What is the trend of boiling points as you go down the periodic table

A

The boiling point increases

22
Q

What type of ions do elements from group 1 and group 7 form

A

Group seven form negatively charged ions and group 1 form positively charged ions

23
Q

Describe ionic bond forms

A

Ionic bond forms transfer electrons, one takes them and the other receives them

24
Q

Describe how the structure of a crystal of sodium chloride

A

It has a giant structure

25
Q

How are covalent bonds formed

A

A covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.

26
Q

Describe the structure of polymer

A

Polymers are repeated monermers

27
Q

Give 3 examples of giant covalent substances

A

Diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide

28
Q

Explain why graphite can conduct electricity

A

It has delocalised electrons

29
Q

What is metallic bonding

A

Metallic bonding is the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the metal ions, and the delocalised electrons

30
Q

Explains why alloys are harder than metals

A

The layers are not even because of different sized layers of the atoms

31
Q

Name 3 states of matter

A

Solid, liquid and gas

32
Q

What is name the temperature of the when a liquid become gas

A

Evaporation

33
Q

How do you calculate the relative formula mass

A

Add the values of the relative atomic masses

34
Q

What is the avogadros constant

A

6.02x10 to the power 23

35
Q

What does conservation of mass

A

Mass cannot be created or destroyed

36
Q

What is meant by the term ‘limiting reactant’

A

The reaction stops when all of one of the reactants is used up, any other remaining reactants are said to be in excess. The reactant used up in the reactant are said to be limiting reactants

37
Q

What is concentration

A

Amount of substance in a given volume

38
Q

What is a catalyst

A

A substance that can be added to increase the speed of a reaction without being consumed in the process

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