Chemistry mock revision Flashcards
How are giant ionic lattices formed
Giant ionic lattices are formed when ions attract each other and form regular patterns with oppositely charged ions
How does an atom become positive live charged
An atom becomes positively charged when it loses an electron
How does an atom become negatively charged
An atom becomes negatively charged when it gains an electron
What is an ion
An ion is a charged atom which has gained or lost an electron
When an atom becomes an ion how many electrons does it want on its outer shell
An atom wants 8 electrons in its outer shell so that it can become stable
What is collision theory
Collision theory is where reactants have enough energy for a collision between particles to react successfully
What is activation energy
For a reaction to take place particles of the reactants must successfully collide with each other to react. The minimum amount of energy particles needed to react is the activation energy
Give 4 factors that affect the rate of reaction
Factors that affect the rate of reaction are temperature, concentration, the presence of a catalyst, pressure, and the surface area
What is the rate of reaction
The rate of reaction is how fast chemical reactions take place
How do you measure the rate of reaction
The rate of reaction is: amount of reactant divided by the time taken
What is an element
Elements are the simplest substances that cannot be broken down
What is an atom
Atoms are the smallest part of an element that share the chemical properties of the element
What is a compound
A compound is a substance made when 2 or more elements are chemically bonded together
What is a mixture
A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances which keeps its individual chemical properties (they are not bonded)
What is the name of the pattern formed using chromatography
It is a chromatogram
What method of separation is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
Filtration is used to an insoluble solid from a liquid
What is the method used to separate a soluble solid form a liquid
You separate a soluble solid from a liquid through, evaporation and crystallisation
Who discovered the plum pudding model was wrong
Ernest Rutherford
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table
He believed that new elements would be discovered
Predict whether iodine is displaced by chlorine in a solution of potassium iodine
The chlorine is displaced
What is the trend of boiling points as you go down the periodic table
The boiling point increases
What type of ions do elements from group 1 and group 7 form
Group seven form negatively charged ions and group 1 form positively charged ions
Describe ionic bond forms
Ionic bond forms transfer electrons, one takes them and the other receives them
Describe how the structure of a crystal of sodium chloride
It has a giant structure
How are covalent bonds formed
A covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.
Describe the structure of polymer
Polymers are repeated monermers
Give 3 examples of giant covalent substances
Diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide
Explain why graphite can conduct electricity
It has delocalised electrons
What is metallic bonding
Metallic bonding is the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the metal ions, and the delocalised electrons
Explains why alloys are harder than metals
The layers are not even because of different sized layers of the atoms
Name 3 states of matter
Solid, liquid and gas
What is name the temperature of the when a liquid become gas
Evaporation
How do you calculate the relative formula mass
Add the values of the relative atomic masses
What is the avogadros constant
6.02x10 to the power 23
What does conservation of mass
Mass cannot be created or destroyed
What is meant by the term ‘limiting reactant’
The reaction stops when all of one of the reactants is used up, any other remaining reactants are said to be in excess. The reactant used up in the reactant are said to be limiting reactants
What is concentration
Amount of substance in a given volume
What is a catalyst
A substance that can be added to increase the speed of a reaction without being consumed in the process
