Chemistry Ions and Compounds (slide 2)

Question 1

When atoms are neutral, there is a balance between

Answer 1

the positive charge of the protons and the negative charge of the electrons

Question 2

But all atoms want to have a full outer shell

Atoms will

Answer 2

ionize to have the full outer shell

Question 3

Electron arrangements (on the outer shell) affect the

Answer 3

reactivity of elements

Question 4

Elements with full outer shells are

Answer 4

most stable and not very reactive

Question 5

Elements with one (1) electron on their outer shell are

Answer 5

very reactive

Question 6

Elements that need one (1) more electron to have a full outer shell are

Answer 6

very reactive

Question 7

Na (sodium) loses one (1) electron to become

Answer 7

Na+ (sodium ion)

Question 8

F (fluorine) gains one (1) electron to become

Answer 8

F- (fluoride) ion

Question 9

Chemical compounds are formed when

Answer 9

two or more atoms react to produce a new substance
Generally react to form stable compounds

Question 10

Two main types of compounds:

Answer 10

Ionic Compounds
Molecular Compounds

Question 11

Ionic Compounds
Elements:
Bonds:
Example:

Answer 11

Elements:
metal (cation) + non-metal (anion)

Bonds:
ionic – positive and negative charges (opposites) attract

Example:
NaCl – sodium (metal) chloride (non-metal)

Question 12

Molecular/Covalent Compounds
Elements:
Bonds:
Example:

Answer 12

Elements:
non-metal (anion) + non-metal (anion)

Bonds:
covalent – sharing of electrons

Example:
CO2 – carbon (non-metal) dioxide (non-metal)

Question 13

Application:
Fertilizers
Fertilizers contain a lot of chemicals

Most contain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds

What may be a consequence of having farms that use fertilizers near a river?

Answer 13

High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus can cause eutrophication of water bodies. Eutrophication can lead to hypoxia (“dead zones”), causing fish kills and a decrease in aquatic life.Nov 4, 2021

When manure or commercial fertilizers enter surface water, the nutrients they release stimulate microorganism growth. The growth and reproduction of microorganisms reduce the dissolved oxygen content of the water body. Without sufficient dissolved oxygen in surface water, fish and other aquatic species suffocate.