Atoms and Ions (slide 1)

Question 1

Periods are

Groups

Group 1 elements are

Group 2 elements are

Group 17 elements are

Group 18 elements are

Answer 1

rows
are columns
alkali metals (most reactive metals)
alkaline earth metals (reactive)
halogens (most reactive non-metals)
noble gases (stable)

Question 2

Protons
Found where?
Refers to the

Answer 2

positively charged particles

found in the nucleus

also refers to the atomic number

Question 3

Neutrons
Found where
used to determine…

Answer 3

neutrally charged particles

found in the nucleus

used to determine atomic mass (protons + neutrons)

Question 4

Electrons
Found where?
Important for…

Answer 4

negatively charged particles

found in orbits around the nucleus

important in bonding

Question 5

Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams

Answer 5

A model of representing the arrangement of electrons around the
nucleus

Useful for the first 20 elements

Why are Bohr-Rutherford diagrams important?

Visually displays the arrangement of electrons around the
nucleus

Assists in predicting the atomic structures and properties of
elements

Question 6

What are “valence electrons”?

Answer 6

Valence electrons are the electrons on the outer shell of an atom

Question 7

Why are valence electrons important?

Answer 7

They determine how the atom will behave during the formation
of a compound (combination of two or more elements)

It is the ultimate goal of an atom to have a full outer shell.

Question 8

What is a “Lewis Dot Diagram”?

Answer 8

A model for showing the valence electrons of an element

Do not include the number of protons and neutrons

Why are Lewis Dot Diagrams important?

Faster diagram than Bohr-Rutherford diagrams

Depict the valence electrons

Question 9

Neutral atom does what to become an ion?
But all atoms want ….

Answer 9

When atoms are neutral, there is a balance between the positive
charge of the protons and the negative charge of the electrons

But all atoms want to have a full outer shell – 8 valence electrons
(unless H or He)

Atoms will ionize to have the full outer shell

Question 10

Ion:

Answer 10

an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons

Question 11

Cation

Answer 11

(positive ion): created by electron loss

Question 12

Anion

Answer 12

(negative ion): created by an electron gain

Question 13

The charge of an ion is equal to…

Answer 13

the number of electrons lost or gained