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sci exam review > chemistry - chapter 6 > Flashcards

chemistry - chapter 6 Flashcards

chemicals and their reactions

1
Q

chemical reaction

A

a process in which substances interact, causing the formation of new substances with new properties

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2
Q

word equation

A

a way of describing a chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products

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3
Q

chemical equation

A

a way of describing a chemical reaction using chemical formulas of the components

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4
Q

reactant

A

a chemical, present at the start of a chemical reaction that is used up during the reaction

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5
Q

product

A

a chamiecal that is produced during a chemical reaction

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6
Q

what do you add at the end of a word equation

A

+ energy

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7
Q

what does the arrow in a chemical equation mean

A

yields or produces

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8
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

in any given chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products
( mass of reactants = mass of products )

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9
Q

an equation without balancing is called

A

a skeleton question

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10
Q

synthesis

A

a reaction in which two reactants combine to make a larger or more complex product

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11
Q

synthesis general pattern

A

A + B –> AB

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12
Q

decomposition

A

a reaction in which a large or more complex molecule breaks down two or more simpler products

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13
Q

decomposition pattern

A

AB –> A + B

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14
Q

what is the opposite of synthesis

A

decomposition

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15
Q

in a decompositon reaction, the energy goes

A

on the left or with the reactants

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16
Q

single displacement

A

a reaction in which an element displaces another element i a compound creating a new compound and a new element

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17
Q

single displacement pattern

A

A + BC –> AC + B

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18
Q

single displacement reactions often happen in

A

aqueous solutions

19
Q

double displacement

A

a reaction that occurs when elements in different compounds displace each other or exchange places, producing two new compounds

20
Q

double displacement pattern

A

AB + CD –> AD + CB

21
Q

precipitate

A

a solid formed from the reactions of two solutions

22
Q

precipitates happen when

A

a compound is created that is insoluble in water

23
Q

combustion

A

the rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce oxides and energy; burning

24
Q

common products of combustion

A

an oxide and energy

25
Q

what do you need to have combustion

A

hydrocarbons

26
Q

the products of complete combustion are

A

carbon dioxide and water

27
Q

word equation for complete combustion

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy

28
Q

when does complete combustion happen

A

when there is a lot of oxygen

29
Q

hydrocarbons

A

compounds containing only the elements hydrogen and carbon

30
Q

when does incomplete combustion happen

A

when oxygen supply is low

31
Q

what extra stuff is created when incomplete combustion occurs

A

carbon monoxide and carbon (soot) added to the carbon dioxide and water

32
Q

carbon monoxide

A

an odourless colourless gas that is very toxic

33
Q

formula for incomplete combustion

A

CxHy + O2 –> CO2 + H2O + CO + C + energy

34
Q

formula for complete combustion

A

CxHy + O2 –> CO2 + H2O + energy

35
Q

corrosion

A

the breakdown of a metal resulting from reactions with chemicals in its environment

36
Q

when is corrosion beneficial (eg)

A

when it happens to aluminum, because aluminum oxide creates a coating that prevents any harmful corrosion

37
Q

diff between corrosion and rusting

A

rusting refers to corrosion of metals with iron while corrosion is general

38
Q

salt; corrosion

A

salt doesnt cause corrosion but it speeds it up if there is any

39
Q

two causes of rust

A

oxygen and water
electrolytes

40
Q

three ways to prevent corrosion

A

protective coatings
resistant materials
galvanizing steel

41
Q

in double displacement, when is there no reaction?

A

when you have two aqueous solutions

42
Q

solutbility rules

A

group 1 ions are (aq)
nitrate ions are (aq)
Ag+ forms a solid (precipitate)

43
Q

hydrogen pros and cons

A

pros:
burns cleanly
endless supply
complete combustion

cons:
requires energy to make the fuel
expensive engines
reactive

44
Q

hydrogen combustion formula

A

2H2 + O2 –> 2H2O + energy

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