chemistry - chapter 5

Question 1

physical property

Answer 1

a description of a substance that does not involve forming a new substance

Question 2

examples of physical properties

Answer 2

colour texture density smell solubility taste melting point physical state

Question 3

chemical property

Answer 3

a description of what a substance does as it changes into one or more new substance(s)

Question 4

examples of chemical properties

Answer 4

neutralization, flammability, bleaching ability, corrosion

Question 5

physical change

Answer 5

a change that does not produce a new substance

Question 6

examples of physical changes

Answer 6

melting evaporation condensation

Question 7

chemical change

Answer 7

the change that a substance goes through to produce a new substance

Question 8

possible evidence of a chemical change

Answer 8

new colour appears, precipitate, heat or light is produced or absorbed, bubbles, the change is generally difficult to reverse

Question 9

element

Answer 9

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Question 10

Bohr Rutherford Diagram

Answer 10

a model representing the arrangement of electrons in orbits around the nucleus of an atom

Question 11

period

Answer 11

a row of elements in the periodic table

Question 12

group

Answer 12

a column of elements in the periodic table

Question 13

alkali metals

Answer 13

group 1
soft
highly reactive

Question 14

alkaline earth metals

Answer 14

group 2
light
reactive

Question 15

halogens

Answer 15

group 17
most reactive

Question 16

noble gases

Answer 16

group 18
stable
full valence

Question 17

what takes up most of the atoms volume

Answer 17

air

Question 18

three parts of an atom

Answer 18

protons neutrons and electrons

Question 19

the elements of the periodic table are arranged in order of _______ atomic number

Answer 19

increasing

Question 20

atoms are electrically ____

Answer 20

neutral

Question 21

compound

Answer 21

a pure substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Question 22

electrically neutral atoms have the same number of ___ and ____

Answer 22

protons and neutrons

Question 23

metals properties

Answer 23

solid
shiny
malleable
conductors

Question 24

nonmetals properties

Answer 24

any state
dull
brittle if solid
insulators

Question 25

ion

Answer 25

a charged particle that results when an atom gains or loses electrons

Question 26

metals ___ electrons

Answer 26

lose

Question 27

nonmetals ____ electrons

Answer 27

gain

Question 28

ionic compound

Answer 28

a compound made up of a metal cation and a nonmetal anion

Question 29

the attraction that holds ionic compounds together is called

Answer 29

an ionic bond

Question 30

when ionic compounds dissolve, they separate into

Answer 30

ions that usually can conduct electricity

Question 31

electrolyte

Answer 31

a compound that separates into ions when it dissolves in water, producing a solution that conducts electricity

Question 32

the first part of an ionic compounds name refers to

Answer 32

the metal ion

Question 33

the second part of an ionic compounds name refers to

Answer 33

the nonmetal ion and ends in ide

Question 34

how to write an ionic compound correctly

Answer 34

use the criss-cross method and simplify if you can

Question 35

naming compounds involving transitional metals

Answer 35

positive charges must = negative charges so check the charge of the element paired with the transitional metal and see how many of them there are if there are more than one multiply the charge of the paired element by the amount of them there are if there are one keep the charge # the same and match the charges to = 0!

Question 36

name all of the common polyatomic ions

Answer 36

nitrate, nitrite, hydroxide, bicarbonate, carbonate, chlorate, sulfate, phosphate, ammonium

Question 37

nitrate

Answer 37

NO3-

Question 38

hydroxide

Answer 38

OH-

Question 39

nitrite

Answer 39

NO2-

Question 40

bicarbonate

Answer 40

HCO3-

Question 41

carbonate

Answer 41

CO3 2-

Question 42

chlorate

Answer 42

CLO3-

Question 43

sulfate

Answer 43

SO4 2-

Question 44

phosphate

Answer 44

PO4 3-

Question 45

ammonium

Answer 45

NH4 +

Question 46

naming compounds involving polyatomic ions and writing formulas

Answer 46

act as if the polyatomic ion is one element

Question 47

molecular compound

Answer 47

a pure substance formed from two or more nonmetals

Question 48

covalent bond

Answer 48

a bond that results from the sharing of outer electrons between nonmetals

Question 49

molecule

Answer 49

a particle in which atoms are joined by a covalent bond

Question 50

diatomic molecule

Answer 50

a molecule consisting of only two atoms of either the same or different elements

Question 51

bonded atoms form a

Answer 51

molecule

Question 52

common elements that exist as a diatomic molecule (acronym)

Answer 52

HOFBrINCl

Question 53

how to name molecular compounds

Answer 53

use prefixes for both of the nonmetals and change the ending of the second to ide remember that mono is never used for the first element

Question 54

write formulas of molecular compounds

Answer 54

follow the prefixes