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sci exam review > chemistry - chapter 5 > Flashcards

chemistry - chapter 5 Flashcards

chemistry introduction

1
Q

physical property

A

a description of a substance that does not involve forming a new substance

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2
Q

examples of physical properties

A

colour texture density smell solubility taste melting point physical state

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3
Q

chemical property

A

a description of what a substance does as it changes into one or more new substance(s)

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4
Q

examples of chemical properties

A

neutralization, flammability, bleaching ability, corrosion

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5
Q

physical change

A

a change that does not produce a new substance

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6
Q

examples of physical changes

A

melting evaporation condensation

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7
Q

chemical change

A

the change that a substance goes through to produce a new substance

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8
Q

possible evidence of a chemical change

A

new colour appears, precipitate, heat or light is produced or absorbed, bubbles, the change is generally difficult to reverse

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9
Q

element

A

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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10
Q

Bohr Rutherford Diagram

A

a model representing the arrangement of electrons in orbits around the nucleus of an atom

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11
Q

period

A

a row of elements in the periodic table

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12
Q

group

A

a column of elements in the periodic table

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13
Q

alkali metals

A

group 1
soft
highly reactive

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14
Q

alkaline earth metals

A

group 2
light
reactive

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15
Q

halogens

A

group 17
most reactive

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16
Q

noble gases

A

group 18
stable
full valence

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17
Q

what takes up most of the atoms volume

A

air

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18
Q

three parts of an atom

A

protons neutrons and electrons

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19
Q

the elements of the periodic table are arranged in order of _______ atomic number

A

increasing

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20
Q

atoms are electrically ____

A

neutral

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21
Q

compound

A

a pure substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

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22
Q

electrically neutral atoms have the same number of ___ and ____

A

protons and neutrons

23
Q

metals properties

A

solid
shiny
malleable
conductors

24
Q

nonmetals properties

A

any state
dull
brittle if solid
insulators

25
Q

ion

A

a charged particle that results when an atom gains or loses electrons

26
Q

metals ___ electrons

A

lose

27
Q

nonmetals ____ electrons

A

gain

28
Q

ionic compound

A

a compound made up of a metal cation and a nonmetal anion

29
Q

the attraction that holds ionic compounds together is called

A

an ionic bond

30
Q

when ionic compounds dissolve, they separate into

A

ions that usually can conduct electricity

31
Q

electrolyte

A

a compound that separates into ions when it dissolves in water, producing a solution that conducts electricity

32
Q

the first part of an ionic compounds name refers to

A

the metal ion

33
Q

the second part of an ionic compounds name refers to

A

the nonmetal ion and ends in ide

34
Q

how to write an ionic compound correctly

A

use the criss-cross method and simplify if you can

35
Q

naming compounds involving transitional metals

A

positive charges must = negative charges
so check the charge of the element paired with the transitional metal and see how many of them there are
if there are more than one multiply the charge of the paired element by the amount of them there are
if there are one keep the charge # the same
and match the charges to = 0!

36
Q

name all of the common polyatomic ions

A

nitrate, nitrite, hydroxide, bicarbonate, carbonate, chlorate, sulfate, phosphate, ammonium

37
Q

nitrate

A

NO3-

38
Q

hydroxide

A

OH-

39
Q

nitrite

A

NO2-

40
Q

bicarbonate

A

HCO3-

41
Q

carbonate

A

CO3 2-

42
Q

chlorate

A

CLO3-

43
Q

sulfate

A

SO4 2-

44
Q

phosphate

A

PO4 3-

45
Q

ammonium

A

NH4 +

46
Q

naming compounds involving polyatomic ions and writing formulas

A

act as if the polyatomic ion is one element

47
Q

molecular compound

A

a pure substance formed from two or more nonmetals

48
Q

covalent bond

A

a bond that results from the sharing of outer electrons between nonmetals

49
Q

molecule

A

a particle in which atoms are joined by a covalent bond

50
Q

diatomic molecule

A

a molecule consisting of only two atoms of either the same or different elements

51
Q

bonded atoms form a

A

molecule

52
Q

common elements that exist as a diatomic molecule (acronym)

A

HOFBrINCl

53
Q

how to name molecular compounds

A

use prefixes for both of the nonmetals and change the ending of the second to ide
remember that mono is never used for the first element

54
Q

write formulas of molecular compounds

A

follow the prefixes

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