Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 400 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Importance of Alchemy to Chemistry

A
  • technique
  • processes
  • hardware
  • analysis
  • transformation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Deficiencies of Alchemy

A
  • not quantitative
  • no understanding
  • mystical, not rationale
  • failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Paracelsus

A
  • said that doctor must be a traveller (knowledge is experience)
  • doctor without formal medical degree
  • learnt about metallurgy
  • publicly burned the works of Galen and Avicenna (thrown out of Basal for months)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Paracelsus believe

A
  • medicine should focus on function not form
  • iatrochem: life is chemical process and chem should be central to understanding human function and medicine (body has a mystical internal alchemist: archeus)
  • illness is the result of defects in body chemistry, there should be a specific chemical therapy for every disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is metallurgy

A

physical and chemical properties of metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Apothecaries

A

prepares and sells medicine/drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what was Paracelsus choice of drugs partially based on

A
  • astrology (planets, metals, parts of body)

- docterine of signatures (herbs can be used to treat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Paracelsus therapies

A
  • clean wounds let them heal themselves
  • treated syphilis with low doses of mercury
  • used different metals: arsenic for skin problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 drugs that Paracelsus used

A

1) Laudanum: Alcohol version of opium. Prescribed to patients of all ages
2) Sweet Vitrol: di-ethyl-ether, used as a surgical anesthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did Paracelsus think like

A

1) Chemist: precise measurements of starting material
2) Biochemist: realized that some things were fatal in high doses but useful in low doses. Thought that biochemical transformations took place in the body.
3) Mystic: thought that astrology was important when designing drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Van Helmont

A
  • iatrochemistry: fav approach
  • *understood the conservation of matter (dissolved metal in acid, weight stayed the same)
  • believed that everything is made of water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Van Helmont Willow tree

A
  • first experiment in plant physiology
  • young tree gain 164 pounds in 5 years
  • weight could not come from soil
  • concluded that the rain water was absorbed by the surface of the tree
  • quantitative experiment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Van Helmont Charcoal Experiment

A
  • burned 62lbs of charcoal
  • found that the products are 1 lb of ash and vapours
  • doesn’t support the burning of a candle
  • vapours with the same property were given off by burning alcohol and fermentation of wine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did Van Helmont believe were all the same process of fermentation?

A
  • food use by animals
  • alcohol fermentation
  • burning wood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Franciscus Sylvius

A
  • said there was no archeus in iatrochemistry
  • especially interested in acids and alkali’s
  • digestion needs both pancreatic secretions and bile
  • thought that illness was the result of an imbalance of acids and alkali’s
  • invented medicine for kidney problems (distilled grain and juniper berries)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rene Antoine Reamur

A
  • wanted to know if digestion was a physical or chemical process
  • but meat in a cylinder and introduced the stomach of a hawk
  • partially digested
17
Q

what question was phlogiston invented to answer?

A

why does air enclosed in a small space support combustion at first but not later?

18
Q

Phlogiston theory of combustion

A
  • phlogiston is connected to wood and the burning of air separates the 2
  • this can only occur until the air cannot hold any more phlogiston
19
Q

Oxidation theory of combustion

A

combustion occurs when 2 things react until all the materials needed for combustion are used up

20
Q

Who originated the phlogiston concept

A

Johann Becher

21
Q

what did Johann Becher believe to be phlogiston

A
  • terra pinguis

- when wood burns, releases terra pinguis

22
Q

Who changed terra pinguis’ name to phlogiston

A

-George Ernst Stahl

23
Q

What did George Ernst Stahl Believe

A
  • flame is heated air caused by a rush of phlogiston out of a burning material
  • rusting is the same but the process is slower and therefore no flame
  • air can hold phlogiston but limited capacity
  • different materials have different phlogiston
24
Q

What did Joseph Black discover?

A
  • Fixed air (now known as CO2)
  • noted (like others) that burning, fermentation and the activities of animals produced something that was deadly to animals that would distinguish a flame
  • wanted to find this substance
25
Q

Joseph Priestly

A
  • produced new substance from mercuric oxide

- called this dephlogisticated air (oxygen)

26
Q

Priestly’s Physiology

A
  • veinous blood is loaded with phlogiston absorbed from tissues
  • this is released thru respiration
  • arterial blood has no phlogiston
  • thought plants seem to restore dephlogisticated air
27
Q

What mechanisms did Ingen Houz propose

A
  • photosynthesis

- green parts of plants can take phlogiston out of air but only in sunlight

28
Q

Antoine Lavoisier and phlogiston

A
  • abandoned the phlogiston concept
  • renamed dephlogisticated air to oxygen
  • oxidation theory: concluded that both respiration and combustion consume oxygen and release CO2
  • could tell how much heat released/amount of CO2 released via ice calorimeter
29
Q

Louis-Joseph Proust

A

Law of Definite Proportions

-elements combine in compound substance by a certain weight

30
Q

John Dalton

A
  • each given compound consist of a specific # of each kind of atom
  • explained proust’s results
31
Q

What was the first biological material to be made in a test tube?

A

Urea

32
Q

Who made urea in a test tube

A

Friedrich Wohler

33
Q

Hermann Kobe

A
  • created acetic acid

- allowed biochemists to understand reactions in the body by replicating them in a test tube

Biology 400 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions