Chemistry Flashcards
What are the 5 types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Displacement, Double Displacement, Combustion
Decomposition
A LARGE / complex compound breaks down into 2 or more SMALLER compounds
(AB -> A + B)
Single Displacement
1 ELEMENT is replaced by another COMPOUND
(A+BC) ->AC+B
Double Displacement
2 ionic COMPOUNDS exchange ionic PARTNERS
(AB + CD -> CB + AD)
Combustion
Substance burns / reacts quickly with oxygen that releases energy forming oxides
(X + O2 (g) -> XO + energy)
Synthesis
2 REACTANTS combine to make a LARGER (more complex) PRODUCT
(A + B -> AB)
EXothermic Reaction
Have energy as a PRODUCT (exiting)
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) -> NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) + Energy
*reaction vessel gets HOT
ENdothermic Reaction
Have energy as a REACTANT (entering)
CaCO3 (s) + heat energy -> CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
*reaction vessel gets COLD
Meaning of pH
Power of Hydrogen
Acid pH range
1-6 (lemon)
Water pH
7
Basie pH range
8-14 (drain cleaner)
Neutralization Reaction
An acid and a base react to form products that have a neutral pH
Acid + Base -> Water + Ionic Compound (salt)
What type of reaction is neutralization?
Double Displacement
Left side & Right side
Reactants -> Products
Word equation
iron + sulphur -> iron (ll) sulphide + energy
Diatomic Molecules
H - H2
N - N2
F - F2
O - O2
I - I2
C - Cl2 (chlorine)
B (l) - Br2
Chemical Equations
Includes the state of each substance (solid, liquid, gas) and aqueous solutions (aq) - dissolved in water
Skeleton Chemical Equations
Translates the chemical name into the chemical formula for each substance involved in the reaction
CuSO2 (aq) + Fe (s) -> FeSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)
Monatomic Molecules
Elements that come as single atoms
What do commas in Word equations do?
Comma cuts off (means to include an arrow)
Counting Atoms (balanced equations)
Calculate how many atoms are in each compound or reactants’ side and on the products’ side of the equation
example:
CH4
Carbon (C) - 1; Oxygen (O) - 2
Coefficient (balancing equations)
The Number in front of the compound telling us how many of that compound there are
Coefficient = Multiplier
Polyatomic Ion
Ion made up of 2 or more atoms that act as a single charged particle (fomo)
Hydrogen -> group with anything
(sulphate, bromate, carbonate, etc)
3 steps to name an ionic compound that contains a multivalent metal ion
- POSITIVE METAL ion name
- Roman numerals (which positive ion you have / charge)
- NEGATIVE non-metal ion ending with “ide”
Copper (ll) Chloride = Cu^+2 Cl^-1 = CuCl^2
Physical Properties
CAN go back to its original form (precipitation process)