Biology - Cell Cycle

Question 1

3 parts of cell theory

Answer 1

1. All living things are composed of cells
2. cells are the smallest functional units of living organisms
3. All cells come form pre-existing cells

Question 2

what is a cell cycle?

Answer 2

when all animal cells go through 3 stages as they grow and reproduce

Question 3

2 stages of cell cycle

Answer 3

1. interphase
2. Mitosis & Cytokinesis

Question 4

4. Cell Division: Parts of Mitosis: PMAT

Answer 4

1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase

Question 5

1. 4 key points for cell growth

Answer 5

1. size
2. G1 phase
3. first gap
4. Proteincs & organelles

Question 6

2. 2 key points for DNA replication

Answer 6

1. S phase
2. Synthesis

Question 7

3. 2 key points for preparation for mitosis

Answer 7

1. G2 Phase
2. division
3. Second Gap

Question 8

2 key points - Function of Interphase

Answer 8

1. Cell is busy growing and performing usual tasks
2. Once it reaches a certain size, cell divides; entering S phase (DNA replication)

Question 9

5 key points on chromosomes

Answer 9

1. hereditary information
2. within nucleus
3. composed of DNA & protein (gene)
4. Cell division - 23 pairs of chromosomes
5. Chromosomes have 2 identical chromatids joined by a centromere - Prophase)

Question 10

Process of Mitosis

Answer 10

Has 4 phases and is the process that divides up the contents of the nucleus

Question 11

Prophase stage (4 key points)

Answer 11

1. Nuclear membrane breaks down
2. DNA condenses into paired chromosomes
3. centrioles move to opposite pole of the cell
4. spindle fibres start to grow from centrioles towards chromosomes

Question 12

Metaphase stage (2 key points)

Answer 12

1. Spindle fibres from each pole attach to the centromere of each chromosome
2. All chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 13

Anaphase stage (2 key points)

Answer 13

1. Centromere of each chromosome spills; separating each sister now called Daughter Chromosomes
2. Spindle fibres shorten pulling each daughter chromosome to the pole of the cell

Question 14

Telophase stage (3 key points)

Answer 14

1. Spindle fibres disappear
2. Daughter chromosomes become untangled & become chromatin again and are NO longer VISIBlE
3. Nuclear membrane reappears around DNA

Question 15

Final Stage: Cell Division Part 2: Cytokinesis

Answer 15

1. Cytoplasm splits in half & all contents are divided into 2 new daughter cells
2. Daughter Cells return to interphase

Question 16

Formation of Plant Cells

Answer 16

a CELL PLATE forms in the middle of the cell and splits the cell into 2 daughter cells

Question 17

Formation of Animal Cells

Answer 17

a CELL FURROW pinches in from the middle of the cell creating 2 daughter cells

Question 18

Apoptosis

Answer 18

in multicellular organisms, controlled cell death is a natural part of the cell cycle