Chemistry Flashcards
radioactive element for cancer therapy
Cobalt 60
Radioactive isotope for heart scanning during exercise
Thallium 201
Isotope for measuring water content in the body
tritium
Isotope for measuring water content in the body
tritium
Radioactive isotope for kidney scans
mercury-197
Radioactive isotope for kidney scans
mercury-197
Radioactive isotope that causes thyroid cancer
Iodine-131
time to develop antibodies for foreign substance
1 to 2 weeks
method of synthesizing glucose for the brain during times of starvation
gluconeogenesis
tyrosine
C9H11NO3
arginine
C6H14N4O2
Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
olvanil
C26H43NO3
formula for aquamarine
Be3 Al2 Si6 O18
who discovered neon?
Travers and Ramsey (1898)
energy supplied by the sun
1000 J/m2-s
root mean square velocity
v = sqrt(3RT/MW)
what do you call the gap between the s and p energy bands? (hint: band theory of solids)
forbidden zone
the energy released when one mole of a formula unit is produced by bonding together multiple gas atoms
crystal lattice energy
heisenberg uncertainty principle
the product of the uncertainties in the momentum and the position of a particle equals h/(4π) or more
demonstrated that rate constants vary with temperature
Svante Arrhenius
hypothetical species between reactants and products
activated complex
reaction step with rate law that corresponds to molecularity of reaction
elementary reaction
chemical species consumed in an elementary step and produced in another
intermediates
acids in bronsted lowry theory
proton donors
meaning of pH
potential of hydrogen
strengths of acids along a row
more polar = stronger acid
acid trends for same group
longer bond = stronger acid
effect of second substance that contains the same ions that can participate in equilibrium
common ion effect
when Q > Kc
system trends towards reactants
when Q < Kc
system trends towards products
describe the salt effect
uncommon ions increase solubility
where oxidation occurs
anode
where reduction occurs
cathode
describe the cell diagram
anode | oxidation HF || reduction HF | cathode
E cell equals?
Ecell = E right - E left
E cathode - E anode
E reduction - E oxidation
describe gibbs energy of electrochemical cell
delta G = -zFEcell
describe relationship of Ecell and K
Ecell = RT/zF lnK
describe relationship of Ecell and K
Ecell = RT/zF lnK
root mean square velocity
V = sqrt (3RT/MW)
Hagen Poiseulle equation
deltaP = 128 mu * L * Q / pi D^4
Kf of benzene
5.12
Kb of benzene
2.53
Gibbs free energy change of a liquid under pressure change
- V deltaP
relationship of Kc and Kp
Kp = Kc *(RT)^ delta ng
who proposed the law of octaves
John Newlands
who proposed to arrange the elements by their atomic masses, independent of the work of Dmitri Mendeleev
Lothar Meyer
method of determining lattice energy
Born-Haber cycle
compound where one atom donates both electrons
coordinate covalent bond
Kb of ethanol
1.22
Kf of ethanol
1.99
Half life of tritium
12.3 years
Half life of Americium-241
432 years
Ksp of Ca(OH) 2
2 x 10-19
Cupric oleate
C36H66CuO4
Emerald
Be3Al2SiO6
Lapis lazuli
Na4 S Si3 Al2 O12
Scientists awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 for their work on ozone depletion
Paul Crutzen, Sherwood Roland, Mario Molina
Chemical species determined to be a catalyst for the depletion of ozone
Chlorine atoms
Discovered ten transuranium elements
Glenn Seaborg
Isotope of iodine used for the treatment of thyroid disease
I-131
Who discovered I-131
Glenn Seaborg
Give the equation of the Raschig process
2NH3 + Cl2 + 2NaOH –> N2H4 + 2NaCl + H2O
Nuclides bomabarded to lead nuclides to for superheavy elements
Calcium 48 and Nickel 64
Vitamin A
Retinol
Chemical for sight
Retinal
Vitamin B12
Cobalamin
Chemical for smell and taste
Rhodopsin
What is the chemical formula for CS gas (in tear gas)
C10 H5 Cl N2
Equation for most probable speed/modal speed
U = sqrt(2RT/MW)
Formula for average speed
sqrt (8RT / piM)
Formula for root mean square speed
sqrt (3RT / M)
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
delta x delta p = h / 4pi
What is the wavelength of the various colors?
R 650-700 nm
O 600-650 nm
Y 550-600 nm
G 500-550 nm
B 450-500 nm
V 390-450 nm
component in willow trees that are active ingredients in aspirin
salicin
component of belladonna plants that treat nerve agent and pesticide poisoning
atropine
alternative value for radiation dose
6.75
ghost particle
neutrino
coined the term ‘radioactivity’
Marie Curie
Father of Nuclear Chemistry and Godfather of Nuclear Fission
Otto Hahn
Who discovered nuclear transmutation
Ernest Rutherford
Uranium disintegration series
U-238 to Pb-206, natural
Actinium series
U-235 to Pb-207, natural
Thorium series
Th-232 to Pb-208, natural
Neptunium series
Np-237 to Tl-205, artificial
Plutonium series
Pu-239 to U-235, artificial
Magic numbers for protons
2 8 20 28 50 82
Magic numbers for neutrons
2 8 20 28 50 82 126
What does the Geiger counter count and what compound does it use?
alpha particles, argon
What does Geiger counter with BF3 count?
neutrons
What does the scintillation counter count and what chemical does it use?
alpha particles, Zn sulfide
What chemical is used in a scintillation counter to count gamma particles?
NaI w/ Th(II)I2
Half life of Rubidium 83
86.2 days
Half life of carbon 14
5730 years
what is the value of 1 gray
1 rad = 0.01 gray (Gy)
what is the value of 1 Sievert
1 rem = 0.01 Sv
What radiation has Q = 1?
x rays, gamma rays, beta particles
Q = 3?
Slow neutrons
Q = 10
fast neutrons, protons
Q = 20
alpha particles
best material to impede alpha particles
any material
best material to impede beta particles
aluminum, 0.25 cm
best material to impede strong beta particles
lucite/plexiglass, 6-12 mm
best material to impede fast neutrons
water, paraffin, concrete
best material to impede slow neutrons
cadmium layer
best material to impede gamma rays
lead
radioactive isotope for smoke detectors
americium 241
radioactive tracer for eye treatments
strontium 90
decay product of radon 222 that produces harmful effects
polonium 218
electron charged particles cause transparent medium to turn blue
Cherenkov radiation
proved the photoelectric effect, Nobel Prize in 1923
Robert Millikan
theorized the photoelectric effect
Albert Einstein
discovered the electron using the cathode ray tube
JJ Thomson
Discovered the proton
Ernest Rutherford
Discovered the neutron
James Chadwick
coined the term ‘electron’
George Stoney
determined the charge of the electron
Robert Millikan
formula of kernite
Na2B4O7 x 4 H2O
In what human tests are human chorionic gonadotropic (hCG) detected
Pregnancy tests
Fibers used in acrylic glass, plexiglass, lucite
Polymethacrylate
Fiber used in krvlar, terephthalic acid monomer
Polyamide fiber
Fiber used in bulletproof windows
Polycarbonate
Fibers used in mire effective versions of kevlar
Polyethylene, UHMWPE
New effluent standards for selected parameters
DAO 2021-19
Color of light released in a cathode ray
Green
Trend in A for any spontaneous process
Decreases
Equation for aromatics
4n + 2 = # of pi electrons
Glass tube with 2 metal plates connected to a high-voltage source which emitted a ray drawn from the negative plate towards the positive plate
Cathode Ray Tube/Geissler Tube
Who performed the Cathode Ray Tube experiment
Sir William Crookes and Heinrich Geissler
Who determined the ratio of electric charge to the mass of an electron
Joseph John Thompson
Discovered Xrays
Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen
Discovered radioactivity in uranium
Antoine Henri Becquerel
Discovered the relationship between the elements’ atomic number and the frequency of Xrays generated by bombarding the element with high energy electrons
Henry Moseley
Theory that states that the formation of bond is due to overlap of orbitals
Valence Bond Theory
Theory that states that bond is formed when electrons in the bonding molecular orbital is greater than the electrons in the non-bonding molecular orbital
Molecular Orbital theory
Synthesized urea from the inorganic compound ammonium cyanate
Friedrich Wohler
Ability of carbon to form bonds with another carbon atom
catenation
Rubidium 82 half life
1.26 min
Rubidium 87 half life
4.81x10^10 years
C-14 content of live organisms
No = 15.3 disintegrations C-14/(min*g C-12)
