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Biology > Chemical Elements And Water > Flashcards

Chemical Elements And Water Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Carbon and hydrogen in human body

A

Foundation of organic molecules

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2
Q

What type of molecules are C and H in?

A 
Sugars
Carbs
Amino acids
Proteins
Fats and oils
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3
Q

H does what in organisms?

A

Active transport
Photosynthesis
Cell respiration (through chemiosmosis)

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4
Q

What is pH?

A

A measure of free hydrogen ions

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5
Q

What does a low pH signify? (1-6)

A

High concentration of free H ions

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6
Q

What does it mean when theres a high pH? (8-14)

A

A low concentration of free H ions

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7
Q

What’s the role of O in organisms?

A

Main role is in aerobic respiration in mitochondria.

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8
Q

Main use of N

A

Production of amino acids.

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9
Q

What are amino acids polymerized into?

A

Proteins

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10
Q

Why are plants green?

A

Green because of chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are filled with chlorophyll
And chlorophyll is full of N

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11
Q

What Fe important for?

A

Micronutrients in living things

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12
Q

What does haemoglobin have to do with Fe?

A

It’s the oxygen-binding for transport.

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13
Q

What makes Ca so special for living organisms?

A

It’s used in the structure of bones and teeth in animals and blood clotting. It’s essential in synaptic transmission.

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14
Q

What makes P essential?

A

For the formation of the phospholipid bilayer. Also in the active component in ATP molecules and make up part of the “backbone” of DNA

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15
Q

What is found in S and a reactant for?

A

Amino acids and chemosynthetic bacteria

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16
Q

What does chemosynthetic bacteria produce and from what?

A

Organic molecules and from hydrogen sulphide

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17
Q

What’s essential for Na?

A

Generating an action potential for nerve impulses

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18
Q

What is sodium the main cation in?

A

Blood plasma

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19
Q

What’s K role?

A

Nerve impulses and has a strong influence in osmosis

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20
Q

K is the main cation for what?

A

The cell cytoplasm

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21
Q

Together what does Na and K do?

A

Active transport because it is responsible for resetting nerve impulses and maintains the volume of cells through its influence on osmosis

22
Q

Why is water a polar molecule?

A

Electrons are being pulled closer into the O atom

23
Q

Why are the H atoms positive?

A

The electrons are being pulled to the O atom

24
Q

What makes the attraction between polar molecules?

A

Hydrogen bonds

25
Q

How are the electrons being pulled?

A

Electro negativity

26
Q

What does it mean to be a polar molecule?

A

An imbalance of charge

27
Q

What are the TWO main properties of water?

A

Adhesive and cohesive

28
Q

What does it mean to be cohesive?

A

Molecules stick to each other

29
Q

What does it mean to be adhesive?

A

To stick to other surfaces

30
Q

Because of cohesive and adhesive properties what are the other 2 properties of water?

A

Capillary action and surface tension

31
Q

Describe capillary action

A

Water will move up xylem against gravity

32
Q

What is xylem?

A

Circulatory system but for trees

33
Q

Describe surface tension

A

Water is so strong that it can support insects and causes water droplets to form

34
Q

Does water have a high or low heat capacity?

A

High

35
Q

What does it mean to have a high heat capacity?

A

It takes A LOT of energy for the temp. of water to change-because of the amount of bonds

36
Q

How does water act as a good coolant?

A

When water evaporates it removes a lot of energy from its system

37
Q

What does high temps. do to tissues?

A

Damage it and denature proteins (break down)

38
Q

How does the body maintain to stay at 96.8 degrees F?

A

Water makes up 70% of the body, including blood. Its resistant to temp. change, cooler blood from some parts of the body can be circulated to other parts, cooling them down

39
Q

Why does water have good solvent properties?

A

Because its a polar molecule

40
Q

What ionic solid dissolves in water easily?

A

NaCl

41
Q

Why does NaCl dissolve in water so easily?

A

Polar attractions cause water molecules to surround and isolate the solute molecules

42
Q

List 3 ways water is good for metabolic reactions:

A

A good solvent
Dissolved particles are able to move around and diffuse
Moving particles are likely to collide with one another leading to a reaction

43
Q

Why are membranes and biological surfaces wet?

A

Allows molecules to dissolve, including gases so they can diffuse through more easily

44
Q

Define metabolism

A

Referring to ALL chemical reactions

45
Q

What are the two metabolic pathways?

A

Catabolic and anabolic

46
Q

What does it mean to be catabolic?

A

Breaks apart

47
Q

What does it mean to anabolic?

A

Put together

48
Q

How is water a good transport medium for living organsims?

A

Good solvent
Dissolves nutrients, gases and water products. Carried through a circulatory system and xylem and phloem or through the water in soil or aquatic habitats.

49
Q

How is water a good transport medium for cells?

A

Molecules are transported across membranes in diffusion as well as within the cell or interstitial fluid

50
Q

Why is good that water is dense?

A

Water is able to support large and small organisms by floating pot swimming.

51
Q

Why is it good that aquatic systems are rarely still?

A

They have flows and currents that can carry planktonic organisms, spores, and seeds and nutrients over a large area

52
Q

Name 8 reasons why water plays a major role in habitats

A 
Stable temp.
Thermal properties
Expansive 
Solvent
Transparent 
Currents 
Density
 surface tension

Biology (9 decks)

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