Chemical Elements And Water

Question 1

Carbon and hydrogen in human body

Answer 1

Foundation of organic molecules

Question 2

What type of molecules are C and H in?

Answer 2

Sugars
Carbs
Amino acids
Proteins
Fats and oils

Question 3

H does what in organisms?

Answer 3

Active transport
Photosynthesis
Cell respiration (through chemiosmosis)

Question 4

What is pH?

Answer 4

A measure of free hydrogen ions

Question 5

What does a low pH signify? (1-6)

Answer 5

High concentration of free H ions

Question 6

What does it mean when theres a high pH? (8-14)

Answer 6

A low concentration of free H ions

Question 7

What’s the role of O in organisms?

Answer 7

Main role is in aerobic respiration in mitochondria.

Question 8

Main use of N

Answer 8

Production of amino acids.

Question 9

What are amino acids polymerized into?

Answer 9

Proteins

Question 10

Why are plants green?

Answer 10

Green because of chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are filled with chlorophyll
And chlorophyll is full of N

Question 11

What Fe important for?

Answer 11

Micronutrients in living things

Question 12

What does haemoglobin have to do with Fe?

Answer 12

It’s the oxygen-binding for transport.

Question 13

What makes Ca so special for living organisms?

Answer 13

It’s used in the structure of bones and teeth in animals and blood clotting. It’s essential in synaptic transmission.

Question 14

What makes P essential?

Answer 14

For the formation of the phospholipid bilayer. Also in the active component in ATP molecules and make up part of the “backbone” of DNA

Question 15

What is found in S and a reactant for?

Answer 15

Amino acids and chemosynthetic bacteria

Question 16

What does chemosynthetic bacteria produce and from what?

Answer 16

Organic molecules and from hydrogen sulphide

Question 17

What’s essential for Na?

Answer 17

Generating an action potential for nerve impulses

Question 18

What is sodium the main cation in?

Answer 18

Blood plasma

Question 19

What’s K role?

Answer 19

Nerve impulses and has a strong influence in osmosis

Question 20

K is the main cation for what?

Answer 20

The cell cytoplasm

Question 21

Together what does Na and K do?

Answer 21

Active transport because it is responsible for resetting nerve impulses and maintains the volume of cells through its influence on osmosis

Question 22

Why is water a polar molecule?

Answer 22

Electrons are being pulled closer into the O atom

Question 23

Why are the H atoms positive?

Answer 23

The electrons are being pulled to the O atom

Question 24

What makes the attraction between polar molecules?

Answer 24

Hydrogen bonds

Question 25

How are the electrons being pulled?

Answer 25

Electro negativity

Question 26

What does it mean to be a polar molecule?

Answer 26

An imbalance of charge

Question 27

What are the TWO main properties of water?

Answer 27

Adhesive and cohesive

Question 28

What does it mean to be cohesive?

Answer 28

Molecules stick to each other

Question 29

What does it mean to be adhesive?

Answer 29

To stick to other surfaces

Question 30

Because of cohesive and adhesive properties what are the other 2 properties of water?

Answer 30

Capillary action and surface tension

Question 31

Describe capillary action

Answer 31

Water will move up xylem against gravity

Question 32

What is xylem?

Answer 32

Circulatory system but for trees

Question 33

Describe surface tension

Answer 33

Water is so strong that it can support insects and causes water droplets to form

Question 34

Does water have a high or low heat capacity?

Answer 34

High

Question 35

What does it mean to have a high heat capacity?

Answer 35

It takes A LOT of energy for the temp. of water to change-because of the amount of bonds

Question 36

How does water act as a good coolant?

Answer 36

When water evaporates it removes a lot of energy from its system

Question 37

What does high temps. do to tissues?

Answer 37

Damage it and denature proteins (break down)

Question 38

How does the body maintain to stay at 96.8 degrees F?

Answer 38

Water makes up 70% of the body, including blood. Its resistant to temp. change, cooler blood from some parts of the body can be circulated to other parts, cooling them down

Question 39

Why does water have good solvent properties?

Answer 39

Because its a polar molecule

Question 40

What ionic solid dissolves in water easily?

Answer 40

NaCl

Question 41

Why does NaCl dissolve in water so easily?

Answer 41

Polar attractions cause water molecules to surround and isolate the solute molecules

Question 42

List 3 ways water is good for metabolic reactions:

Answer 42

A good solvent Dissolved particles are able to move around and diffuse Moving particles are likely to collide with one another leading to a reaction

Question 43

Why are membranes and biological surfaces wet?

Answer 43

Allows molecules to dissolve, including gases so they can diffuse through more easily

Question 44

Define metabolism

Answer 44

Referring to ALL chemical reactions

Question 45

What are the two metabolic pathways?

Answer 45

Catabolic and anabolic

Question 46

What does it mean to be catabolic?

Answer 46

Breaks apart

Question 47

What does it mean to anabolic?

Answer 47

Put together

Question 48

How is water a good transport medium for living organsims?

Answer 48

Good solvent Dissolves nutrients, gases and water products. Carried through a circulatory system and xylem and phloem or through the water in soil or aquatic habitats.

Question 49

How is water a good transport medium for cells?

Answer 49

Molecules are transported across membranes in diffusion as well as within the cell or interstitial fluid

Question 50

Why is good that water is dense?

Answer 50

Water is able to support large and small organisms by floating pot swimming.

Question 51

Why is it good that aquatic systems are rarely still?

Answer 51

They have flows and currents that can carry planktonic organisms, spores, and seeds and nutrients over a large area

Question 52

Name 8 reasons why water plays a major role in habitats

Answer 52

``` Stable temp. Thermal properties Expansive Solvent Transparent Currents Density surface tension ```