Cell Theory Flashcards
Define-Unicellular
It’s a one cell organism. Amoebas are unicellular.
Outline cell theory
•all organisms are composed of one or more cells
-multicellular organisms specialized cells carry out various functions
•cells are the smallest units of life
-organelles carry out various metabolic functions in the cell
-cell components cannot survive alone
•all cells come from per-existing cells
Define-theory
Describes why certain things happen
Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ratio as a factor limiting cell size
The plasma membrane is responsible for import/export in the cell. For every unit of volume that requires nutrients or produces waste, there’s more membrane to serve it. If the cell would be larger it would not have enough cell membrane to serve it.
Define- emergent
The whole is more than the sun of its parts
Define- magnification
Process of enlarging something only in appearance, not in physical size.
Define- stem cells
Cells that upon division replaces its own numbers and also can differentiate further into one or more specialized types
State that multicellular show emergent properties
Multicellular organisms show emergent properties because when cells emerge they become more than sum of its parts. When combined the organism can work as a whole function
Show an example of multicellular organisms that show emergent properties
Cell organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ system -> organisms
Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes... Would make Muscle cells, liver cells, skins cells Which then would make Cardiac muscle, liver tissue, epithelium The would make a Heart, liver, skin Which all would create a Circulatory system, digestive system, skin Which all create a MAMMAL!
Explain that cells in multicellular organisms differentiate to carry out specialized functions by expressing some of their genes but not others
Differentiation depends on the activation of genes in sequence, often triggered by environmental changes. All cells in the body carry the same gene in their nuclei. Why makes a cell different is which by the environment the cell is around. That is triggered by the changes in the cells in a multicellular organism. The cell difference is which genes are expressed which turn on or off.
Calculate the linear magnification of drawings and the actual size of specimens in images of known magnification
Magnification: measure scale bar, convert units so all is the same -> mm to um
The scale bar is um so the ruler measurement needs to be converted from mm to um
To calculate: scale bar measurement/ scale bar label = magnification
Actual size:
After calculating convert units from um to mm
To calculate:
Measured length/magnification = actual size
Define-molecules
Two or more atoms held together by covalent chemical bonds DNA are the molecules that make up who we are
Define-cell membrane
Everything that goes in or out of the cell must pass through the cell membrane
Compare the relative sizes of molecules, cell membrane thickness, viruses, bacteria, organelles and cells, using the appropriate SI units
Smallest to largest: Molecules: 1 nm Cell membrane thickness: 10 nm Viruses: 100 nm Bacteria: 1 um Organelles Cells: -animal cell: 10-15 um -plant cell: 100 um
Define- virus:
A small infectious agent that can reproduce only inside of the living cells of an organism aka: acellular, must live off of another cell
