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Biology > Carbs, Lipids And Proteins > Flashcards

Carbs, Lipids And Proteins Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do organic compounds contain?

A

Carbon

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2
Q

List 5 organic compounds found in living organisms

A 
Glucose
Ribose
Amino acids
Glycerol
Fatty acids
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3
Q

Are there compounds that are inorganic?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Name 3 exceptions why a compound would be inorganic

A

Oxides of carbon
Carbonates
Hydrogen carbonates

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5
Q

Condensation makes what kind of bonds?

A

Water releasing bonds

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6
Q

What requires reactions like that to happen?

A

It requires enzymes

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7
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalyst

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8
Q

Hydrolysis does what to bonds?

A

It splits the water apart

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9
Q

When an enzyme condensates two molecules so they can form as a compound what does the enzyme do?

A

It releases the water molecule (H2O) so then with the free spaces the atoms connect to fill the empty spaces

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10
Q

Protein synthesis is what kind of reaction?

A

Anabolic

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11
Q

Digestion is what kind of reaction?

A

Catabolic

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12
Q

Explain what happens when a compound is being digested?

A

The enzyme puts a water molecule inside the compound causing it to “digest” break apart.

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13
Q

Why is it so important that our bodies digest things and then synthesize it again?

A

It’s so our bodies can take in the molecules that are important for us to take in that are healthy for us

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14
Q

One molecule is known as what?

A

Monosaccharide

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15
Q

When synthase occurs what is a monosaccharide become?

A

Disaccharide

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16
Q

When synthase occurs what happens to the disaccharide?

A

It becomes a polysaccharide

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17
Q

What does synthase mean?

A

Water out

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18
Q

What are protein pumps?

A

Enzymes

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19
Q

Any molecule that ends with an “ase” would be considered what?

A

An enzyme

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20
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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21
Q

What is the R-group in amino amino acids?

A

Interchangeable

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22
Q

In amino acids what are the amine groups?

A

NH2

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23
Q

In amino acids what are the carboxyl groups?

A

COOH

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24
Q

In condensation what happens to the H2O?

A

It’s removed and becomes a product

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25
Q

Why are there infinite possibilities of polypeptides?

A

Could be any length
20 different amino acids
Amino acids in any order or combination

26
Q

What monosaccharides have a ri g structure?

A

Glucose and ribose

27
Q

What does it mean to have a kink in the molecular patten?

A

It is when there’s a sixth bond that will have it off a bit

28
Q

Monosaccharides are the monomers of what?

A

Polysaccharides

29
Q

Polysaccharides are polymers of what?

A

Two or more molecules

30
Q

Polysaccharides are an example of what?

A

Glycogen

31
Q

An example of a monosaccharide in the human body

A

Glucose/galactose

They are very small, easily absorbed sugars and releases for respiration

32
Q

An example of a disaccharide in the human body

A

Lactose/maltose

Quickly digested into their monosaccharides

33
Q

An example of a polysaccharide in the human body

A

Glycogen

Insoluble storage molecule: excess sugars converted by insulin for storage

34
Q

An example of a monosaccharide in plants

A

Fructose

35
Q

An example of a disaccharide in plants

A

Sucrose

Soluble, but unreactive so it can be transported around the plant in the phloem

36
Q

An example of a polysaccharide in plants

A

Cellulose/starch
Large and soluble-makes the plant cell wall
Starch: insoluble plant energy storage molecule

37
Q

Single bonds are what?

A

Saturated fats

38
Q

Saturated fats had what?

A

Enough hydrogen for the structure

39
Q

Are saturated fats organized?

A

Yes

40
Q

What to saturated fats act like?

A

A solid because the single bond is able to lay on each other easily

41
Q

Double bonds are what kind of fat?

A

Unsaturated

42
Q

Unsaturated fats removes what?

A

Hydrogen

43
Q

What does unsaturated fats act like?

A

A liquid. They are not able to structure themselves easily.

44
Q

Are unsaturated fats organized?

A

No

45
Q

The double bond in unsaturated fats share how many electrons?

A

Two

46
Q

Animals fats come from saturated or unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated

47
Q

Plant oils come from saturated or unsaturated fats?

A

Unsaturated

48
Q

Which is better for the human body? Saturated or unsaturated
?

A

Unsaturated

49
Q

What’s the weight of carbs?

A

17kJ g-1

50
Q

What’s the weight of fats?

A

38 kJ g-1

51
Q

What’s the weight of proteins?

A

13 kJ g-1

52
Q

How fast can carbs digest?

A

Quickly

53
Q

How are carbs stored?

A

As fat

54
Q

Does carbs release energy fast or slow?

A

Fast

55
Q

Does carbs need more or less oxygen to release energy?

A

Less. Ideal for high impact excersice

56
Q

Fats are mostly used for what?

A

Storage

That’s its most efficient

57
Q

Does fats needs a slow or fast release of energy?

A

Slow which means it needs more oxygen to relapse energy

58
Q

Are proteins digested fast or slow used in muscles?

A

Fast

59
Q

Muscles are used for what?

A

Energy!!!

60
Q

What happens when calories are restricted in muscles?

A

Muscles are lost

61
Q

List 8 functions of lipids:

A 
Energy storage
-more efficient than carbs
-oils in plants and fish
-fats in animals
Plasma membrane
-phospholipid bilayer
-cholesterol 
Nervous system
-insulates nerve cells
Solvent
-dissolves some vitamins
Hormones 
Protection
-fats act as a shock absorber
Buoyancy 
-floating 
-less dense that water
Thermal insulation 
-subcutaneous fat insulates against heat loss

Biology (9 decks)

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