Carbs, Lipids And Proteins

Question 1

What do organic compounds contain?

Answer 1

Carbon

Question 2

List 5 organic compounds found in living organisms

Answer 2

Glucose
Ribose
Amino acids
Glycerol
Fatty acids

Question 3

Are there compounds that are inorganic?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Name 3 exceptions why a compound would be inorganic

Answer 4

Oxides of carbon
Carbonates
Hydrogen carbonates

Question 5

Condensation makes what kind of bonds?

Answer 5

Water releasing bonds

Question 6

What requires reactions like that to happen?

Answer 6

It requires enzymes

Question 7

What are enzymes?

Answer 7

Biological catalyst

Question 8

Hydrolysis does what to bonds?

Answer 8

It splits the water apart

Question 9

When an enzyme condensates two molecules so they can form as a compound what does the enzyme do?

Answer 9

It releases the water molecule (H2O) so then with the free spaces the atoms connect to fill the empty spaces

Question 10

Protein synthesis is what kind of reaction?

Answer 10

Anabolic

Question 11

Digestion is what kind of reaction?

Answer 11

Catabolic

Question 12

Explain what happens when a compound is being digested?

Answer 12

The enzyme puts a water molecule inside the compound causing it to “digest” break apart.

Question 13

Why is it so important that our bodies digest things and then synthesize it again?

Answer 13

It’s so our bodies can take in the molecules that are important for us to take in that are healthy for us

Question 14

One molecule is known as what?

Answer 14

Monosaccharide

Question 15

When synthase occurs what is a monosaccharide become?

Answer 15

Disaccharide

Question 16

When synthase occurs what happens to the disaccharide?

Answer 16

It becomes a polysaccharide

Question 17

What does synthase mean?

Answer 17

Water out

Question 18

What are protein pumps?

Answer 18

Enzymes

Question 19

Any molecule that ends with an “ase” would be considered what?

Answer 19

An enzyme

Question 20

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 20

Amino acids

Question 21

What is the R-group in amino amino acids?

Answer 21

Interchangeable

Question 22

In amino acids what are the amine groups?

Answer 22

NH2

Question 23

In amino acids what are the carboxyl groups?

Answer 23

COOH

Question 24

In condensation what happens to the H2O?

Answer 24

It’s removed and becomes a product

Question 25

Why are there infinite possibilities of polypeptides?

Answer 25

Could be any length 20 different amino acids Amino acids in any order or combination

Question 26

What monosaccharides have a ri g structure?

Answer 26

Glucose and ribose

Question 27

What does it mean to have a kink in the molecular patten?

Answer 27

It is when there's a sixth bond that will have it off a bit

Question 28

Monosaccharides are the monomers of what?

Answer 28

Polysaccharides

Question 29

Polysaccharides are polymers of what?

Answer 29

Two or more molecules

Question 30

Polysaccharides are an example of what?

Answer 30

Glycogen

Question 31

An example of a monosaccharide in the human body

Answer 31

Glucose/galactose | They are very small, easily absorbed sugars and releases for respiration

Question 32

An example of a disaccharide in the human body

Answer 32

Lactose/maltose | Quickly digested into their monosaccharides

Question 33

An example of a polysaccharide in the human body

Answer 33

Glycogen | Insoluble storage molecule: excess sugars converted by insulin for storage

Question 34

An example of a monosaccharide in plants

Answer 34

Fructose

Question 35

An example of a disaccharide in plants

Answer 35

Sucrose | Soluble, but unreactive so it can be transported around the plant in the phloem

Question 36

An example of a polysaccharide in plants

Answer 36

Cellulose/starch Large and soluble-makes the plant cell wall Starch: insoluble plant energy storage molecule

Question 37

Single bonds are what?

Answer 37

Saturated fats

Question 38

Saturated fats had what?

Answer 38

Enough hydrogen for the structure

Question 39

Are saturated fats organized?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

What to saturated fats act like?

Answer 40

A solid because the single bond is able to lay on each other easily

Question 41

Double bonds are what kind of fat?

Answer 41

Unsaturated

Question 42

Unsaturated fats removes what?

Answer 42

Hydrogen

Question 43

What does unsaturated fats act like?

Answer 43

A liquid. They are not able to structure themselves easily.

Question 44

Are unsaturated fats organized?

Answer 44

No

Question 45

The double bond in unsaturated fats share how many electrons?

Answer 45

Two

Question 46

Animals fats come from saturated or unsaturated fats?

Answer 46

Saturated

Question 47

Plant oils come from saturated or unsaturated fats?

Answer 47

Unsaturated

Question 48

Which is better for the human body? Saturated or unsaturated ?

Answer 48

Unsaturated

Question 49

What's the weight of carbs?

Answer 49

17kJ g-1

Question 50

What's the weight of fats?

Answer 50

38 kJ g-1

Question 51

What's the weight of proteins?

Answer 51

13 kJ g-1

Question 52

How fast can carbs digest?

Answer 52

Quickly

Question 53

How are carbs stored?

Answer 53

As fat

Question 54

Does carbs release energy fast or slow?

Answer 54

Fast

Question 55

Does carbs need more or less oxygen to release energy?

Answer 55

Less. Ideal for high impact excersice

Question 56

Fats are mostly used for what?

Answer 56

Storage | That's its most efficient

Question 57

Does fats needs a slow or fast release of energy?

Answer 57

Slow which means it needs more oxygen to relapse energy

Question 58

Are proteins digested fast or slow used in muscles?

Answer 58

Fast

Question 59

Muscles are used for what?

Answer 59

Energy!!!

Question 60

What happens when calories are restricted in muscles?

Answer 60

Muscles are lost

Question 61

List 8 functions of lipids:

Answer 61

``` Energy storage -more efficient than carbs -oils in plants and fish -fats in animals Plasma membrane -phospholipid bilayer -cholesterol Nervous system -insulates nerve cells Solvent -dissolves some vitamins Hormones Protection -fats act as a shock absorber Buoyancy -floating -less dense that water Thermal insulation -subcutaneous fat insulates against heat loss ```