Cell Divison

Question 1

Define: Cell cycle

Answer 1

All of the life stages of the cell

Question 2

Define: interphase

Answer 2

The phase on which the cell spends most of its time

Question 3

Define: mitosis

Answer 3

Division I the diploid eukaryotic nucleus

Question 4

Define: cytokinesis

Answer 4

Division to the cytoplasm to form 2 daughter cells

Question 5

Outline cell cycle

Answer 5

• interphase 
-growth one
-synthesis 
-growth two
• mitosis
-prophase
-metaphase 
-anaphase
-telophase
•cytokinesis

Question 6

What is I.P.M.A.T?

Answer 6

Interphase. Prophase. Metaphase. Anaphase. Telophase

Question 7

Define tumors:

Answer 7

Cell mass from uncontrolled divison

Question 8

List some organs that can get cancer

Answer 8

Heart
Lungs
Stomach
Brain
Skin

Question 9

List 4 tissues that can get cancer

Answer 9

Epithelium
Muscle
Connective
Nervous

Question 10

What gene if damaged or in active will cause cell division to continue making tumors?

Answer 10

TP53

Question 11

What can cause mutations in a gene which tells the cell to stop dividing?

Answer 11

Carcinogens

Question 12

List 5 carcinogens

Answer 12

Radiation
Viruses
Diet carcinogen
UV light
Smoking

Question 13

Define: DNA replication

Answer 13

Each chromosome has a sister chomotid

Question 14

What happens in growth one?

Answer 14

The cell carries out its function, makes proteins and more organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 15

What happens in synthesis?

Answer 15

DNA is copied in replication. Producing a copy of each chromosome. This is so each daughter cell has the right number of chromosomes

Question 16

What happens in growth two?

Answer 16

The cell division continues.

Question 17

What stage is where the cell spends the most time?

Answer 17

Interphase

Question 18

Describe prophase

Answer 18

Two centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell and send out spindle microtubles, forming the spindle
DNA condenses into chromosomes
Nuclear membrane dissolves

Question 19

Describe metaphase

Answer 19

The spindle attaches to the centromere of the chromosomes

Chromosomes line up on the equator

Question 20

Describe anaphase

Answer 20

Centromere divides and sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite ends of the cell by the contracting spindle
Each chromatid is now considered a chromosome

Question 21

Describe telophase

Answer 21

Chromosomes uncoil into stringy DNA
Spindle breaks down
Nuclear membrane reforms
Cytokinesis occurs

Question 22

Describe cytokinesis

Answer 22

The moment when the cell divides into two daughter cells

Question 23

Define: genetically identical

Answer 23

Having the exact same chromosomes

Question 24

Explain how mitosis produces 2 genetically identical nuclei

Answer 24

Stringy DNA coils up. Proceeds into IPMAT

Question 25

Why do cells divide?

Answer 25

To reduce SA:Vol ratio

Question 26

Where does mitosis frequently occur?

Answer 26

In developing embryos

Question 27

What are new cells needed for?

Answer 27

Damaged or infected cells

Question 28

How is cell division also used in asexual reproduction

Answer 28

Specially through mitosis | It's essentially self replication

Question 29

What needs to be done in order for an organism to grow larger?

Answer 29

It needs to produce more cells. Each cell needs a copy of the organism's DNA

Question 30

What are gametes?

Answer 30

Sex cells. Egg and sperm

Question 31

What ARE gametes? What do they do?

Answer 31

Gametes are haploid. They have a half set, as try pair up with the other half it will fertilize

Question 32

What is a somatic?

Answer 32

A body cell of two set of chromosomes. One from mom and one from dad

Question 33

Why does it mean to be a diploid?

Answer 33

The cell has a two pair chromosome set

Question 34

Before the cell splits, what is the cell for a brief moment?

Answer 34

Polyploid-4n

Question 35

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? What is the diploid number?

Answer 35

23 pairs | > diploid # (2n) =46

Question 36

What does it mean when a tumor recruits blood vessels and grow larger?

Answer 36

Angiogenesis

Question 37

What does is mean when a part of the tumor invades the blood vessel, and travels in another part of body?

Answer 37

Metastasis

Question 38

What's the one way for tumors to grow?

Answer 38

By having blood vessels carry nutrients to the tumor

Question 39

Describe plant cell divison

Answer 39

Cellulose that comes from the Golgi apparatus makes a wall and the pectin spreads the wall apart from each other