chemical bonding & VSEPR Flashcards
what is a chemical bond
the forces that hold groups of atoms together
how do you classify bonds
based on the electronegativities between atoms involved
what type of bonding occurs between two electronegative atoms
covalent bonds - sharing electrons due to strong attraction
what type of bonding occurs between two electropositive atoms
metallic bonding - neither atom attracts electrons strongly electrons therefore electrons are delocalised and move freely
in what type of bonding do electrostatic interactions hold ions together
ionic bonding - the electronegative ( gain e- ) and electropositive ( lose e- ) atoms form ions. This holds the compound together
what does polarity depend on
the difference in electronegativity
what does an equal share in electrons in a homo-nuclear molecule result in
a covelant bond
what does an unequal share in electrons in a hetronuclear molecule result in
polar covelant bond
name the ions produced in a ionic bond
cation (+) and anion (-)
lewis acid?
the acceptance of a lone pair of electrons
bronsted lowry acid?
the donation of a proton
lewis base?
the donation of a lone pair of electrons
bronsted lowry base?
proton acceptor
why do period 3 + elements demonstrate hypervalant qualities
they have low-lying d-orbitals which can accommodate additional electrons. period 2 elements have no d orbitals
based on size, why do period 2 elements disfavour larger coordination numbers?
small size
