[CHEM] Unit 6- The Periodic Table Flashcards
The periodic table is arranged by increasing ___
Atomic number
Having luster, being hard and malleable, and becoming cations are characteristics of ___
Metals
T/F: All metals are liquid, except for Hg
F- all metals are solid, except for Hg
T/F: Metals are conductors of heat and electricity
T
Being very brittle and anions are characteristics of ___
Nonmetals
T/F: Nonmetals CANNOT exist in all three states of matter
F- Nonmetal elements can exist in all three states of matter
T/F: Nonmetals cannot conduct electricity
T
The following elements are metalloids: ___
B, Si, As, Te, At, Ge, and Sb
The exceptions of metalloids are ___
Al and Po
T/F: Metalloids have a mix of metal and nonmetal characteristics
T
Only ___ and ___ are liquids at STP
Hg, Br
Other than noble gases, the following elements are gases:
H,N,O,F,Cl
Melting and boiling points tend to ___ going ___ a group
Increase, down
A row or ___ is ____
Period, horizontal
A group, ___, or ___ are ___
Family, column, vertical
Elements in the same period have the same ___
Number of occupied shells/PELs
T/F: Hydrogen is in its own group
T- hydrogen is the only nonmetal on the left and can be -1 or +1
Group 1 are ___
Alkali metals
Characteristics of alkali metals include:
Being the most reactive (react with water), not isolated in nature, ignites when reacted, and +1 charge
Alkali metals are ___ reactive going ___ the group
More, down
Group 2 are ___
Alkaline earth metals
Characteristics of alkaline earth metals include:
Being reactive, not isolated in nature, and +2 charge
Groups 3-11 are ___
Transition metals
Characteristics of transition metals include:
Multiple oxidation states (due to D sublevels being filled), producing colored solutions when dissolved, and typical metal properties
All elements that are Z<___, or have more than ___ electrons/protons are ___
83, radioactive
The detached rows of the table are ___
Inner transition metals
The top row of the inner transition metals start with ___ and is called the ___
Lanthanum, Lanthanide series
The bottom row of the inner transition metals start with ___ and is called the ___
Actinium, Actinide series
T/F: ALL of the Actinide series are radioactive
T- they are also called Rare Earth Metals
Groups 12-16 are called ____
They do not have names
Group 17 are ___
Halogens
Characteristics of halogens include:
-1 charge, being the most reactive nonmetals, all 3 states of matter, are not isolated in nature
In the halogens, the boiling point goes ___ going ___
Up, down
Group 18 are ___
Noble gases
Characteristics of noble gases include:
Full valence shell (not reactive), monatomic, all are gases
Only ___ noble gases bond with F because of its high ___
Large, electronegativity
Metallic characteristics increase going ____
Down
Reactivity for nonmetals ___ going left-right and ___ going top-bottom because of electron ___
Increases, decreases, affinity
Reactivity for metals increases ___ and decreases ___ due to ___
Top to bottom, left to right, ionization energy
Atomic radius is ___
The measurement of 1/2 the distance between nuclei when bonded
Atomic radius ___ going ___ a group because of more PELs
Increases, down
Atomic radius ___ going left-right because of ___
Decreases, more protons (greater nuclear charge)
T/F: Halogens are larger than noble gases
F- the exception to atomic radius; noble gases are actually larger
When metals form ___, they become ___
Cations, smaller
When nonmetals form ___, they become ___
Anions, larger
ELectronegativity is defined as ___
An atom’s attraction to electrons IN A BOND
Electronegativity is higher for ___
Nonmetals
Electronegativity ___ going left-right because ___
Increases, greater nuclear charge
Electronegativity ___ going top-bottom because ___
Decreases, increased shielding and larger distance to nucleus
Electron affinity is defined as ___
The energy released when an electron is added, or the likelihood of an atom gaining an electron
Electron affinity ___ going top-bottom due to ___
Decreases, shielding
“Shielding” is ___
When inner electrons block outer electrons
Electron affinity ___ going left-right because of ___
Increases, more protons
Na+1 is smaller than Mg+2 because of ___ radii due to ___ protons
Smaller, more
Ionization energy is ___
The energy required to completely remove a valence electron
Ionization energy ___ going left-right due to greater ___ and ___ going down due to ___ (hint: less pull on electrons!)
Increases, greater nuclear charge (more pull from protons), decreases, shielding
To determine how many valence electrons an atom has, you must ___
Compare the values- where the biggest jump is, the last ve is
