[CHEM] Unit 13 - Acids and Bases Flashcards
T/F: Both acids and bases are electrolytes
T
Acids taste ___
Sour
Bases taste ___
Bitter
Bases feel ___
Slipper
Acids are: corrosive/caustic
Corrosive
Bases are: corrosive/caustic
Caustic
T/F: Acids are polar molecules
T
T/F: Bases are polar molecules
F: they are ionic solids
Arrhenius acids and bases must be in what phase:
Aq
Arrhenius acids must ___ in water to produce ___ as the only positive ion
Ionize, H+
Arrhenius bases must ___ in water to produce ___ as the only negative ion
Dissociate, OH-
When H+ bonds to H2O, what does it form?
Hydronium, or H3O+
T/F: Arrhenius bases can contain carbon
F: they cannot; if a base contains carbon, it is an alcohol
T/F: Dissociation needs to occur before ionization
F: ionization needs to occur first!
How are acid anhydrides formed?
When water reacts with a nonmetal oxide
How are metal oxides formed?
Basic anhydride combines with water
Salts are ___ compounds that form from the ___ part of the acid and the ___ part of the base
Ionic, negative, positive
When an acid neutralizes a base, what is formed?
A salt
What are the 7 strong acids?
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, and HClO4
What are the strong bases?
Group 1 hydroxides (ex: NaOH), Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2
What does Kw always equal?
1x10^(-14)
The formula for Kw is:
[H30+]x[OH-]
Strong acids and bases ionize ___
Completely
The equilibrium expression for weak acids is: Ka=
x
x= original molarity
The equilibrium expression for weak bases is: Kb=
x
x= original molarity
pH=
-log[H+]
A high pH means a ___ concentration of hydronium ions, and a low pH means a ___ concentration of hydronium ions
Low, high
A high pOH means a ___ concentration of hydroxide ions, and a low pOH means a ___ concentration of hydroxide ions
Low, high
pOH=
-log[OH-]
An increase of pH by 1 means a decrease of [H-] by
1/10
An increase of pOH by 3 means a decrease of [OH-] by
1/1000
Bases have ___ pOH and ___ pH
Low, high
Kw is always at what temperature?
25 celsius
An acid + metal is what type of reaction?
Single replacement
An acid + base, also known as ___, is what type of reaction?
Neutralization, double replacement
An acid + metal makes what?
H2 (diatomic!!) and a salt
And acid + base makes what?
Water and a salt
What are the three metals that don’t react with acid?
Ag, Au, and Cu
Strong acid + strong base =
Neutral (pH=7) salt
Strong acid + weak base =
Acidic salt
Weak acid + strong base =
Basic salt
Weak acid + weak base =
Unknown