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School In General > [CHEM] Unit 15 - Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

[CHEM] Unit 15 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Carbids, diamonds, carbonates, cyanide, and carbon oxides are organic

A

F

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2
Q

Single bond chains are unsaturated/saturated

A

Saturated

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3
Q

Double and triple bond chains are unsaturated/saturated

A

Unsaturated

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4
Q

Aliphatics are:

A

Open chained hydrocarbons

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5
Q

What type of molecules have a hexagonal shape?

A

Aromatic molecules

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6
Q

Chains with 2 separate double bonds are called:

A

Alkadienes

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7
Q

A series of compounds that fit the same general formula and have similar properties is called:

A

A homologous series

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8
Q

Meth- is

A

1

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9
Q

Eth- is

A

2

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10
Q

Prop- is

A

3

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11
Q

But- is

A

4

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12
Q

Pent- is

A

5

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13
Q

Hex- is

A

6

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14
Q

Hept- is

A

7

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15
Q

Oct- is

A

8

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16
Q

Non- is

A

9

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17
Q

Dec- is

A

10

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18
Q

Alkanes have ___ bonds

A

Single

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19
Q

The general formula for alkanes is

A

CnH(2n+2)

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20
Q

Alkenes have ___ bonds

A

Double

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21
Q

The general formula for alkenes is

A

CnH(2n)

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22
Q

Alkynes have ___ bonds

A

Triple

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23
Q

The general formula for alkynes is

A

CnH(2n-2)

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24
Q

Both the alkene and alkyne series start with which prefix?

A

Eth-

(it is impossible to have a single carbon to be double or tripled bonded to anything)

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25
Q

Isomers are

A

Chemical substances with the same molecular formulas but different structures (their properties are different)

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26
Q

If there are multiple side chains that are the same length, what should one do?

A

Use prefixes

2-di
3-tri
4-tetra

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27
Q

T/F: The hydroxyl group in an alcohol (OH-) is an ion

A

F

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28
Q

How does one determine if an alcohol is primary, secondary, or tertiary?

A

1) Locate the carbon that the OH is attached to

2) Count the number of neighboring carbons

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29
Q

How does one name an alcohol with more than 1 OH?

A

Use dihydroxy or trihydroxy

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30
Q

(naming): Alcohol names end in

A

-ol

Ex: propanol

31
Q

What is the functional group of an ether?

A

An O that connects to another side chain

32
Q

T/F: In an ether, the chains on either side of the O are side chains, and therefore end in -yl

A

T

33
Q

Aldehydes are produced from

A

The oxidation of primary alcohols

34
Q

T/F: The functional group of an aldehyde does not need to be on the end

A

F

35
Q

What is the functional group of an aldehyde?

A

A double-bonded O and single-bonded H

36
Q

What is the functional group of a ketone?

A

A double-bonded O

37
Q

Ketones are produced from

A

The oxidation of secondary alcohols

38
Q

T/F: Organic acids are electrolytes

A

T

39
Q

What is the functional group of an organic acid?

A

A double-bonded O and an OH

40
Q

T/F: The functional group of an organic acid does not need to be on carbon #1

A

F

41
Q

How are esters produced?

A

Organic acid + primary alcohol

42
Q

(naming): Aldehyde names end in

A

-al

Ex: propanal

43
Q

(naming): Ketone names end in

A

-one

Ex: 2-pentanone

44
Q

(naming): Organic acid names end in

A

-oic acid

Ex: propanoic acid

45
Q

(naming): Ester names end in

A

-oate

Ex: methyl propanoate

46
Q

What is the functional group of an ester?

A

A double-bonded O

and

An O attached to the same carbon that leads to a side chain

47
Q

Where does one put the -oate in esters?

A

On the chain with the double-bonded O

48
Q

(naming): Amine groups end in

A

-amine

Ex: 1-propanamine

49
Q

What is the functional group of an amine?

A

An NH2

50
Q

T/F: The functional group of an amine does not need to be on the end

A

T

51
Q

(naming) Amide names end in

A

-amide

Ex: propanamide

52
Q

What is the functional group of an amide?

A

An NH2 and a double-bonded O

53
Q

T/F: The functional group of an amide has to be on the end (carbon #1)

A

T

54
Q

Combustion reactions are: exothermic/endothermic

A

Exothermic

55
Q

The general formula of a combustion reaction is:

A

Hydrocarbon + O2 –> CO2 + H2O + heat

56
Q

The general formula for a substitution reaction is:

A

Alkane + halogen (DIATOMIC!!!) –> halocarbon + acid

57
Q

How does an addition reaction work?

A

By adding one atom to each end of the double or triple bond

58
Q

What is the general formula for an addition reaction?

A

Alkyne/alkene + halogen/H2 –> 1 product

59
Q

The following reaction is what type?

Ester + base –> soap + alcohol

A

Saponification

60
Q

In a saponification reaction, an ester is also a what?

A

Fat

61
Q

What is the general formula for a fermentation reaction?

A

Sugar –> 2 alcohols + 2CO2 (g)

62
Q

T/F: The CO2 produced in a fermentation reaction IS NOT a gas

A

F

63
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A small chain that, when bonded together into long chains, form polymers

64
Q

What are some examples of polymers?

A

Plastics and fabrics

65
Q

What are some examples of natural polymers?

A

Proteins, starches, and cellulose

66
Q

What is addition polymerization used for?

A

Making plastics

67
Q

How is polyethylene made and what is it made from?

A

Addition polymerization; ethylene

68
Q

When unsaturated monomers join to make a longer chain, what is the process known as?

A

Addition polymerization

69
Q

How does condensation polymerization work?

A

Monomers combine by removing water from hydroxyl groups

70
Q

What does a condensation polymerization reaction always produce?

A

A polymer and water

71
Q

What is the general formula for esterification?

A

An organic acid + alcohol –> an ester and water

72
Q

When one dehydrates a primary alcohol, what does it make and what process is it known as?

A

Ether; etherification

73
Q

How does cracking work?

A

Uses heat or a catalyst to cut apart a large molecule from petroleum (fractional distillation)

74
Q

What is the general formula for aromatic molecules/benzenes?

A

CnH(2n-6)

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