chem questions from study guide

Question 1

decreased wavelength=

Answer 1

increased frequency

Question 2

decreased wavelength= (for energy)

Answer 2

increased energy

Question 3

if in an experiment in which a low-frequency light is unsuccessful in the EMISSION of electrons in a metal, what could the photoelectric effect tell us?

Answer 3

decreasing wavelength of the light will eventually cause electron emission
increasing the frequency of the light will eventually cause electron emission

Question 4

how can you tell the emission of photons when given the n values?

Answer 4

when n decreases/goes down to a lower n value (ex: n=6–>n=3)

Question 5

according to the theory of the wave-particle duality, what conditions will a particle have the longest wavelength?

Answer 5

a particle with small mass and low velocity

Question 6

low mass in relation to wavlength

Answer 6

increased wavelength

Question 7

low velocity in relation to wavelength

Answer 7

increased wavelength

Question 8

what are some of the essential points of Bohr’s theory of the structure of the hydrogen atom?

Answer 8

-an electron may move from one orbit to another by absorbing or emitting a photon of light with the exact correct energy content
-each orbit of the atom has specific energy level
-electron have circular orbits

Question 9

what attributes do light and electrons share?

Answer 9

-the capacity to be diffracted
-frequency
-particle like behavior

Question 10

what attributes do light and electrons NOT share

Answer 10

a ground state

Question 11

when an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower level…

Answer 11

light is emitted

Question 12

the emission spectrum of a particular element is unique and can be used to…

Answer 12

identify the element

Question 13

how can you tell if electron would have the longest wavelength?

Answer 13

when something have the smallest mass and velocity
for example, an electron moving at 1% of the speed of light

Question 14

what are the key attributes of the modern view of wave-particle duality?

Answer 14

-all matter has wave-like properties, but only subatomic particles are small enough to be important
-the more precisely you know the position of a particle, the less precisely you can know the momentum
-a neutron at 25% of the speed of light would have a characteristic wavelength
-the uncertainty in the position of the Eiffel tower if we know the momentum

Question 15

what quantum number describes the size and energy of an orbital?

Answer 15

n

Question 16

s orbital the l=

Answer 16

0

Question 17

p orbital the l=

Answer 17

1

Question 18

d orbital the l=

Answer 18

2

Question 19

f orbital l=

Answer 19

3

Question 20

how can you tell the # of orbitals are there?

Answer 20

2(l)+1

Question 21

based on the electron configuration for silver ([Kr]5s1 4d10), why does it always have a +1 ion?

Answer 21

silver only has one 5s electron to lose, resulting in a 1+ ion when it loses its highest shell

Question 22

what do core electrons do a good job of doing?

Answer 22

shield outer electrons from nuclear charge

Question 23

the atomic radius of main-group elements generally increases down a group, why?

Answer 23

the principle quantum number of valance orbitals increases

Question 24

ionization exceptions

Answer 24

2 and 13 switch (13 is less than you would think)