Chem chapter 6

Question 1

Waves

Answer 1

disturbance that transmits energy through space

Question 2

frequency (v)

Answer 2

the number of waves passing a point in a given amount of time

Question 3

longer the wavelength

Answer 3

lower the frequency

Question 4

speed of light

Answer 4

2.998x10^8 m/s

Question 5

wavelength (λ) measured in

Answer 5

meters (m)

Question 6

speed (c) measured in

Answer 6

meters per second (m/s)

Question 7

frequency (v) measured in

Answer 7

hertz (Hz) or inverse seconds (s^-1)

Question 8

equation for speed

Answer 8

c = v x λ

Question 9

mnemonic for electromagnetic spectrum order

Answer 9

Red Men Interview Very Ugly Xylophone Guys

Question 10

order for EM spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength

Answer 10

radio waves, radio waves, microwaves, infrared (ROYGBIV), ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays

Question 11

constructive interference

Answer 11

when similar waves combine to form a larger wave

Question 12

destructive interference

Answer 12

when unlike waves combine to get no wave (flat line)

Question 13

diffraction

Answer 13

change in direction of waves as they pass through an opening or around a barrier in their path

Question 14

refraction

Answer 14

bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another (think of a wave hitting water)

Question 15

light has a ___ nature

Answer 15

dual wave-matter

Question 16

photon

Answer 16

particle of light

Question 17

what was wrong with classical (Newtonian) physics?

Answer 17

they could not get their experimental data to agree with theory, so they had to change the theory to fit the data

Question 18

what three main issues caused a change in classical physics

Answer 18

blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, and atomic emission spectra

Question 19

blackbody radiation

Answer 19

energy is like matter, it is discontinuous or quantized
-the energy of a quantum of EM radiation is proportional to the frequency of the radiation

Question 20

planks constant (h)

Answer 20

h = 6.626 x 106-34 Js

Question 21

energy formula

Answer 21

E = hv

Question 22

photoelectric effect

Answer 22

when light strikes the surface of certain metals, electrons are ejected
-emission only occurs at certain threshold frequencies (v_0)

Question 23

E of photon equals

Answer 23

hv

Question 24

atomic emission spectra

Answer 24

when an electron is struck with energy, the electron is excited, which causes it to emit light

Question 25

blackbody radiation and the photoelectric effect suggest that

Answer 25

electrons could only occupy certain energy levels

Question 26

Neils Bohr new model of atom

Answer 26

-electrons move around the nucleus in one fixed set of circular orbits (like planets around the sun) -as long as the electron remains in a given orbit, no energy is emitted; fixed radius and energy -an atom emits energy as a photon when the electron falls to an orbit with a smaller radius and lower energy

Question 27

when an electron falls from a high energy level to a low energy level

Answer 27

it emits energy in the form of a photon (-)

Question 28

when an electron goes from a low energy level to a high one

Answer 28

it can only do so if it absorbs photons (+)

Question 29

energy levels

Answer 29

the allowed energy states of an atom

Question 30

lowest energy level

Answer 30

ground state n=1

Question 31

excited state

Answer 31

when an electron moves out of the ground state into a state with a higher n value

Question 32

delta E=

Answer 32

-2.18 x 10^-18 ((1/nf^2)-(1/ni^2))

Question 33

ionization happens when

Answer 33

an electron leaves an atom entirely, resulting in an ion -the energy this requires in hydrogen is the Rydberg constant

Question 34

for hydrogen-like atoms, energy increases so the

Answer 34

atomic number (Z) also increases

Question 35

increasing Z results in

Answer 35

-a greater charge -affects the separation between the electron and the nucleus

Question 36

what's the equation between mass and wavelength

Answer 36

λ = h/p = h/mv

Question 37

uncertainty principle

Answer 37

you can never determine the position AND momentum of an electron (you know one or the other)

Question 38

principle quantum number (n)

Answer 38

related to the energy and probable distance of the electron from the nucleus; describing the SHELL where the electron is located

Question 39

electrons with the same value of n are in

Answer 39

the same principal electron shell or level

Question 40

n can have ____ number values

Answer 40

positive, non-zero, whole-number values - n= 1, 2, 3, 4.....

Question 41

angular momentum quantum number (l)

Answer 41

describes the shape of the orbital where the electron is located; describes the SUBSHELL where the electrons are -all electrons with the same value of n and l are in the same subshell/sublevel

Question 42

l can have ____ number values

Answer 42

positive, whole-number values (including zero_ but cannot be greater than the n value - l= 0, 1, 2, 3 ,4.....

Question 43

the number of subshells in a principal electronic shell is equal to

Answer 43

the number of possible l values

Question 44

letters for the subshells for the first four values of l

Answer 44

l=0-->s l=1--->p l=2--->d l=3--->f

Question 45

magnetic quantum number (m sub l)

Answer 45

describes the orientation of the orbital where the electron is located

Question 46

m_l can have ____ number values

Answer 46

negative or positive whole number values (including zero), ranging from the - to + l values - M_l= -l...-2, -1, 0, 1, 2...+l

Question 47

spin quantum number (m sub s)

Answer 47

describes the orientation of the electron spin -can only have +/- 1/2

Question 48

orbitals

Answer 48

the areas around the nucleus in which an electron is likely to be found -The number of orbitals in a subshell is equal to the number of allowed m_l values for that subshell (2l+1)

Question 49

s orbital shape (l=0)

Answer 49

spherical

Question 50

p orbital shape (l=1)

Answer 50

two lobes with a node in the middle where electrons cannot go

Question 51

d orbitals (l=2)

Answer 51

have multiple lobes and nodes