Chem Fall Exam

Question 1

explain both the wave and particle natures of electrons.

Answer 1

electrons are the negative subatomic particles in the atom but they behave more like waves

they can have different amounts of energy and thus different frequencies

Question 2

explain the relationship between electrons, energy, and electromagnetic radiation.

Answer 2

electrons can absorb and release energy in the form of of electromagnetic radiation

Question 3

summarize the mathematical relationship between the speed, wavelength, and frequency of electromagnetic radiation.

Answer 3

speed of light is constant

wavelength and frequency have inverse relationship

Question 4

what are the types of radiant energy in the electromagnetic spectrum including the trends in wavelength, frequency, and energy along the spectrum

Answer 4

radio waves, microwaves, visible light (ROYGBIV), ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma rays

near radio waves- there is longer wavelength, lower frequency, and lower energy

near gamma rays- shorter wavelength, higher frequency, and higher energy

Question 5

explain what makes an atom stable and what an atom may do to become stable.

Identify which elements are already stable and why.

Answer 5

an atom is stable if it already has a full outer energy level of valence electrons (8 valence e-)

the noble gases are already stable because they have full outer energy levels of valence electrons

Question 6

what are cations?

Answer 6

atoms that lose an electron in order to become stable

positive charge

usually metals

Question 7

what are anions?

Answer 7

atoms that gain an electron in order to become stable

results in a negative charge

usually nonmetals

Question 8

be able to identify the correct procedure for lighting a Bunsen burner.

Answer 8

close air holes fully or partially close and bring lighter in from the side

Question 9

how many electrons does shell one hold (in orbitals)

Answer 9

2 e-

Question 10

how many electrons does shell 2 hold?

Answer 10

8 e-

Question 11

how many electrons does shell 3 hold?

Answer 11

18 e-

Question 12

how many electrons can the s block hold?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

how many electrons can the s block hold

Answer 13

10

Question 14

how many electrons can the p block hold

Answer 14

6

Question 15

how many electrons can the f block hold

Answer 15

14

Question 16

what is Aufbau’s principle?

Answer 16

electrons fill the lowest energy orbital first

Question 17

what is Hund’s rule?

Answer 17

orbitals of equal energy each get 1 e- before any orbital gets a second pair

Question 18

what is Pauli’s Exclusion principle?

Answer 18

no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers