Chelsea- Personality Part 2

Question 1

Basics of learning theory and personality

Answer 1

Result of a response to an experience, can explain changeable parts to personality e.g. little albert
Means personality can also be unlearned- extinction

Question 2

SLT- Bandura

Answer 2

Personality an interaction between inner stim, environment and the way an individual reacts (some free will so not all behaviourism). Personal agency (you can change things to make them better), proxy (others helping you), collective (group working together to goal).

Question 3

Likelihood to copy

Answer 3

Similarity of model, simpler behaviour, more aggressive behaviour. Low self confidence, used to being rewarded for conforming, highly depdent . More likely to copy if leads to + results

Question 4

Structure of internal self regulation

Answer 4

Self monitoring: eval performance
Self diagnostic: id patterns in thoughts, behaviours and emotions across situations
Self motivation: setting up goals for self

Question 5

Bandura self efficacy

Answer 5

Affects choices, effort, perseverance, coping. High more likely to set challenging goals and increases success. Low attribute failure to low ability, high attribute to low effort

Question 6

Paciello 2016- self efficacy in uni students and wellbeing

Answer 6

Emotional SE is controlling anxiety in a problem, social SE is being able to ask for help. Self regulated learning is being able to conc when better things to do. 4 clusters: high self efficacious, low self efficacious, learning and socially self efficacious, emotional self efficacious. 1 related most to wellbeing, 2 lowest

Question 7

Changing self efficacy

Answer 7

encouraged and supported to do task, or use self monitoring, vicarious experience: effective if observed person has similar levels of self efficacy
P modelling increases self efficacy

Question 8

Rotters locus of control

Answer 8

Behaviour potential is being able to predict ppls behaviours in diff situations=reinforcement value (preference for reinforcement) x expectancy (prediction of outcome) . In new situations, rely on expectation.

Question 9

Furnham and cheng 2016

Answer 9

Data from birth, 10 and 16: fam social background, childhood intelligenc,e personality traits, behavioura lissues at school, self esteem and loc at 16. Childhood intelligence correlates w everything, parents status linked to neurot, self esteem, behavioural issues and predictor of intelligence, not extraversion

Question 10

Diffs between internal and external locus of control

Answer 10

Internal feel more in control, higher expectations, more confidence, cope w illness better, better in school. External powerless, dependent, high anxiety, passive patients

Question 11

Neuroticism Chiang 2019

Answer 11

Internal more likely to engage in social reform, + attempts to change environment, reduce spread of bias or wrong info. Skills not opps affect outcome. Emotional stab and pro env behaviours link to internal

Question 12

Multidimensional

Answer 12

Levenson 73: internal, external can be chance or powerful others
Ps experiencing paranoia score higher on p scale while ps experiencing depression score higher on c scale scores- rosenbaum and hadari 85
Alcoholism strongly correlated w c scale scores levenson 81

Question 13

Psychopathy

Answer 13

Brosschot 94:internals have low anxiety, nuerot and sleep problems, less agoraphobia and sensitivity. Powerful others linked to sensitivity, neurot, anxiety. Chance higher agor, sleep issues so both p and c linked to - factors (external) but c more. S: tested, applied to clinical to unlearn things. 2: no free will, ignores mental processes and genetics

Question 14

Dollars and Miller

Answer 14

Importance of unconscious processes in human behaviour
Born w some primary drives but say due to survival , leads to unconsciously reinforced s-r bonds , lead to secondary drive

Question 15

Tutorial: dark triad paper

Answer 15

DT linked to short term mating: narc want range of relationships so one night stands and fwb but no long term. Psycho booty calls as exploiting ppl. Mach not correlated . Being a male mediates as higher in DT. DT can help gain leadership, get ahead in school and reproductive success but isolated, more crime

Question 16

Health psychology and loc

Answer 16

Split between internal, powerful others and chance. Moro: only internal linked to sticking w diabetes regime, longer someone in pain management program, internal increases so can be changed. Cheung- po lower alc, higher qual but high depression, chance bad everything. Jacobson lawsen: older ppl, lower education, married, more ailments in higher po.

Question 17

Health self efficacy - how behaviour change impacts health

Answer 17

Peters 2019: self efficacy predicted health and living will in chronic illness. Alexander: found perceived discrimination predicted low self efficacy in smokers , self efficacy predicted reduction in smoking. Zhang: ps W chronic heart failure, loc training increased qual of life, SE and management- no baseline measures tho

Question 18

Dyadic approach

Answer 18

Based on social environment, partners effect each others mental and physical health. C predicted spouses health, N poorer health, O and E predicts better health

Question 19

Dark triad and health

Answer 19

Hudek: only P affects women’s health protective behaviour. P and M affects men’s. Partner effects for all 3. Men less likely to engage in self report, overlap between N and M- driving effect is N

Question 20

Health psych and personality

Answer 20

Hagger johnson and whiteman: targeting, tailoring, training, treatment (meds can change personality), transformation(can task chang personality)- ways personality can impact health behaviour
Health psychs promote wellbeing and fitness, support those w health issues, adise healthcare systems

Question 21

Anxiety in sport

Answer 21

Trait: underlying stable characteristic. State: evoked by situation. Ppl high in trait more likely to experience state and to a higher level. Distraction model: increase in arousal leads to attention to irrelevant cues and distraction/ can be internal or external
Self focus model: monitoring of a skill that has become automated leads to poor performance

Question 22

Sport performance

Answer 22

Horikawa and yaga: trait anxiety in Japan, what leg and skill to match, measures before penalties but in exper condition, do better than last week. High pressure meant less goals, high anx had higher state in pressure condition- not high EV. Geukes: proff basketball low pressure measured warm up, high was real games- high pressure more important, more anxiety, better confidence and performance , low no traits predictors but in high fear of - eval, anxiety - predicted, confidence + predicted

Question 23

Emotional intelligence

Answer 23

Understand own and others. Mayer and salovey 4 branch model- perceiving and using emotions to facilitate thinking are experimental, understanding and managing strategic. Crombie: ei predicted no. Points in cricket but only understanding and managing. Kopp and jekauc: meta anal found correlation between ei and performance. Crombie: SA cricket, ei for workshops to increase ei more than control 14%