Chapters 9 & 10

Question 1

Is there evidence to prove that autism is caused by the MMR vaccine?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

The words “autistic” and “autism” come from the Greek word ‘autos’, meaning

Answer 2

self

Question 3

List the characteristics that distinguished the children studied by Kanner

Answer 3

an inability to relate to others in an ordinary manner
an extreme autistic aloneness that seemingly isolated the child from the outside world
an apparent resistance to being picked up or held by the parents
deficits in language
extreme fear reactions to loud noises
obsessive desire for repetition and maintenance of sameness
few spontaneous activities such as typical play behavior
bizarre and repetitive physical movement such as spinning or perpetual rocking

Question 4

Kanner’s research with a group of children he called “autistic” indicated that these children could be set apart from children with schizophrenia in

Answer 4

Children with schizophrenia tended to withdraw from the world, whereas children with autism never seemed to have made any social connections to begin with.
Children with autism exhibited some unique language patters
Children with autism did not appear to deteriorate in their functioning over time

Question 5

Asperger identified children who had

Answer 5

average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas

Question 6

The term “spectrum” in autism spectrum disorder refers to the fact that people with ASD

Answer 6

have a variety of symptoms and degrees of impairment that fall along a continuum.

Question 7

A condition that is much like autism but usually without significant delays in cognition and language is

Answer 7

asperger syndrome

Question 8

According to the DSM-5, Asperger syndrome

Answer 8

is no longer an entity separate from ASD.

Question 9

The prevalence of ASD

Answer 9

is 5 times higher for boys than girls.

Question 10

What term was once commonly applied to mothers of children with autism?

Answer 10

refrigerator moms

Question 11

Although highly questionable today, during the 1960s, which idea was popular among professionals trying to explain autism?

Answer 11

psychoanalytic idea that attributes cause to parents

Question 12

What have scientists established unequivocally that the cause of ASD is

Answer 12

neurological

Question 13

Neurological research that involves the brain and head size of people with autism strongly suggests that for many

Answer 13

their brains grow suddenly and excessively in the first two years of life.

Question 14

What percentage of children with autism appears to experience autistic regression?

Answer 14

33%

Question 15

The desire to communicate for social purposes is referred to as

Answer 15

communicative intent

Question 16

The process of one person alerting another to a stimulus via nonverbal means, such as gazing or pointing.

Answer 16

Joint attention

Question 17

What refers to the “dos and don’ts” of everyday living that most people learn incidentally or with very little instruction from others?

Answer 17

hidden curriculum

Question 18

The study within psycholinguistics of how people use language in social situations; emphasizes the functional use of language rather than the mechanics

Answer 18

pragmatics

Question 19

Repetitive, ritualistic motor movements such as twirling, flapping hands, and rocking

Answer 19

are evident in some, but not all, children with ASD.

Question 20

Jeremy has severe autism. He does not interact with others socially and his intellectual functioning appears to be very low. However, Jeremy has extraordinary ability as a pianist (although he is not interested in performing for other people). What term best describes Jeremy?

Answer 20

autism savant syndrome

Question 21

the natural inclination for most people to bring order and meaning to information in their environment by perceiving it as a meaningful whole rather than as disparate parts

Answer 21

central coherence

Question 22

refers to a person’s ability to “read” the mind of other people with respect to characteristics such as their intentions, feelings, beliefs, and desires.

Answer 22

theory of mind

Question 23

the purpose the behavior serves for one person

Answer 23

consequences

Question 24

things that trigger the behavior

Answer 24

antecedents

Question 25

takes into account the contextual factors in which the behavior occurs

Answer 25

setting events

Question 26

The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) focuses on

Answer 26

using pictures to help students initiate and maintain functional communication.

Question 27

The TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children) program places heavy emphasis on

Answer 27

structure

Question 28

Two critical areas of assessment for students with autism spectrum disorders are progress in

Answer 28

progress in language development and social/adaptive behavior

Question 29

The goal for work settings for people with ASD is to be in

Answer 29

competitive employment or supported competitive employment.

Question 30

How many children are affected by stuttering?

Answer 30

1 in 20

Question 31

Communication requires

Answer 31

encoding and decoding

Question 32

decoding or understanding messages

Answer 32

receptive language

Question 33

the process of sharing information

Answer 33

communication

Question 34

encoding or sharing messages

Answer 34

expressive language

Question 35

the communication of ideas through an arbitrary system of symbols used according to certain rules that determine meaning

Answer 35

language

Question 36

impairs that ability to transmit or receive ideas, facts, feelings, and desires and may involve language or speech or both

Answer 36

communication disorder

Question 37

contextual factor in which the behaviors occur

Answer 37

setting events

Question 38

the purpose the behavior serves for the person

Answer 38

consequences

Question 39

things that trigger the behavior

Answer 39

antecedent

Question 40

The neuromuscular activity of forming and sequencing the sounds of oral language is called

Answer 40

speech

Question 41

Impairments in the production and use or oral language are

Answer 41

speech disorders

Question 42

Impairments in comprehension and expression are

Answer 42

language disorders

Question 43

Phonology refers to linguistic rules governing

Answer 43

particular sounds and how they are sequenced.

Question 44

The meanings and concepts people attach to words and sentences are referred to as

Answer 44

semantics

Question 45

use of language for social purposes

Answer 45

pragmatics

Question 46

Shaunta has a speech disorder which causes her to stutter. This is a disorder of

Answer 46

fluency

Question 47

Approximately what percentage of children identified for special education receives services primarily for speech or language disorders?

Answer 47

20%

Question 48

Language disorders are generally classified according to two dimensions:

Answer 48

domain and etiology

Question 49

Three examples of a primary language disorder is a/an

Answer 49

specific language impairment, early expressive language delay, language-based reading impairment

Question 50

A primary language disorder

Answer 50

has no identifiable cause

Question 51

A language based reading impairment involves

Answer 51

a reading problem based on a language disorder

Question 52

The failure of a child to understand the rules for producing the sounds of their language at an age-appropriate level and in a culturally appropriate way represents

Answer 52

phonological disorders

Question 53

Articulation disorders

Answer 53

involve errors in sound production

Question 54

The dimensions of voice are

Answer 54

pitch, loudness, and quality

Question 55

The most frequent type of fluency disorder is

Answer 55

stuttering

Question 56

What percentage of children and adults are considered stutterers?

Answer 56

1%

Question 57

trouble controlling speech sounds

Answer 57

dysarthria

Question 58

trouble planning and coordinating speech

Answer 58

apraxia

Question 59

occurs because of a stroke or other type of brain damage after learning speech

Answer 59

acquired apraxia

Question 60

emerges as the child develops speech and language skills

Answer 60

developmental apraxia

Question 61

complete loss of voice

Answer 61

aphonia

Question 62

The primary role of the classroom teacher is to facilitate development of which aspect of language?

Answer 62

pragmatics

Question 63

Methods of progress monitoring that involve a cycle of teaching, followed by testing, and then reteaching as necessary are

Answer 63

dynamic assessments

Question 64

Jeremy is a four year old boy who makes infantile noises and uses gestures to request objects. He displays

Answer 64

prelinguistic communication

Question 65

Much of a child's language and social development depend on two characteristics of language interaction the child has with caregivers. What are the characteristics?

Answer 65

nature and quantity of the language

Question 66

Which skill is important in order for teens and adults to learn strategies for storing, selecting, retrieving, and processing information?

Answer 66

reading skills

Question 67

What is an example of an articulation disorder?

Answer 67

lisping

Question 68

A pervasive developmental disability characterized by extreme withdrawal, cognitive deficits, language disorders, self-stimulation, and onset before the age of thirty months

Answer 68

Autism

Question 69

Normal development for five months to four years, followed by regression and mental retardation

Answer 69

Rhett's disorder

Question 70

Normal development for at least two years, and up to ten years, followed by significant loss of skills

Answer 70

Childhood disintegrative disorder

Question 71

Pervasive delay in development that does not fit into any of the other diagnostics categories

Answer 71

Pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)