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Teaching diverse learners > Chapters 9 & 10 > Flashcards

Chapters 9 & 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Is there evidence to prove that autism is caused by the MMR vaccine?

A

no

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2
Q

The words “autistic” and “autism” come from the Greek word ‘autos’, meaning

A

self

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3
Q

List the characteristics that distinguished the children studied by Kanner

A

an inability to relate to others in an ordinary manner
an extreme autistic aloneness that seemingly isolated the child from the outside world
an apparent resistance to being picked up or held by the parents
deficits in language
extreme fear reactions to loud noises
obsessive desire for repetition and maintenance of sameness
few spontaneous activities such as typical play behavior
bizarre and repetitive physical movement such as spinning or perpetual rocking

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4
Q

Kanner’s research with a group of children he called “autistic” indicated that these children could be set apart from children with schizophrenia in

A

Children with schizophrenia tended to withdraw from the world, whereas children with autism never seemed to have made any social connections to begin with.
Children with autism exhibited some unique language patters
Children with autism did not appear to deteriorate in their functioning over time

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5
Q

Asperger identified children who had

A

average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas

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6
Q

The term “spectrum” in autism spectrum disorder refers to the fact that people with ASD

A

have a variety of symptoms and degrees of impairment that fall along a continuum.

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7
Q

A condition that is much like autism but usually without significant delays in cognition and language is

A

asperger syndrome

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8
Q

According to the DSM-5, Asperger syndrome

A

is no longer an entity separate from ASD.

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9
Q

The prevalence of ASD

A

is 5 times higher for boys than girls.

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10
Q

What term was once commonly applied to mothers of children with autism?

A

refrigerator moms

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11
Q

Although highly questionable today, during the 1960s, which idea was popular among professionals trying to explain autism?

A

psychoanalytic idea that attributes cause to parents

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12
Q

What have scientists established unequivocally that the cause of ASD is

A

neurological

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13
Q

Neurological research that involves the brain and head size of people with autism strongly suggests that for many

A

their brains grow suddenly and excessively in the first two years of life.

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14
Q

What percentage of children with autism appears to experience autistic regression?

A

33%

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15
Q

The desire to communicate for social purposes is referred to as

A

communicative intent

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16
Q

The process of one person alerting another to a stimulus via nonverbal means, such as gazing or pointing.

A

Joint attention

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17
Q

What refers to the “dos and don’ts” of everyday living that most people learn incidentally or with very little instruction from others?

A

hidden curriculum

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18
Q

The study within psycholinguistics of how people use language in social situations; emphasizes the functional use of language rather than the mechanics

A

pragmatics

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19
Q

Repetitive, ritualistic motor movements such as twirling, flapping hands, and rocking

A

are evident in some, but not all, children with ASD.

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20
Q

Jeremy has severe autism. He does not interact with others socially and his intellectual functioning appears to be very low. However, Jeremy has extraordinary ability as a pianist (although he is not interested in performing for other people). What term best describes Jeremy?

A

autism savant syndrome

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21
Q

the natural inclination for most people to bring order and meaning to information in their environment by perceiving it as a meaningful whole rather than as disparate parts

A

central coherence

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22
Q

refers to a person’s ability to “read” the mind of other people with respect to characteristics such as their intentions, feelings, beliefs, and desires.

A

theory of mind

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23
Q

the purpose the behavior serves for one person

A

consequences

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24
Q

things that trigger the behavior

A

antecedents

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25
Q

takes into account the contextual factors in which the behavior occurs

A

setting events

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26
Q

The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) focuses on

A

using pictures to help students initiate and maintain functional communication.

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27
Q

The TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children) program places heavy emphasis on

A

structure

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28
Q

Two critical areas of assessment for students with autism spectrum disorders are progress in

A

progress in language development and social/adaptive behavior

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29
Q

The goal for work settings for people with ASD is to be in

A

competitive employment or supported competitive employment.

30
Q

How many children are affected by stuttering?

A

1 in 20

31
Q

Communication requires

A

encoding and decoding

32
Q

decoding or understanding messages

A

receptive language

33
Q

the process of sharing information

A

communication

34
Q

encoding or sharing messages

A

expressive language

35
Q

the communication of ideas through an arbitrary system of symbols used according to certain rules that determine meaning

A

language

36
Q

impairs that ability to transmit or receive ideas, facts, feelings, and desires and may involve language or speech or both

A

communication disorder

37
Q

contextual factor in which the behaviors occur

A

setting events

38
Q

the purpose the behavior serves for the person

A

consequences

39
Q

things that trigger the behavior

A

antecedent

40
Q

The neuromuscular activity of forming and sequencing the sounds of oral language is called

A

speech

41
Q

Impairments in the production and use or oral language are

A

speech disorders

42
Q

Impairments in comprehension and expression are

A

language disorders

43
Q

Phonology refers to linguistic rules governing

A

particular sounds and how they are sequenced.

44
Q

The meanings and concepts people attach to words and sentences are referred to as

A

semantics

45
Q

use of language for social purposes

A

pragmatics

46
Q

Shaunta has a speech disorder which causes her to stutter. This is a disorder of

A

fluency

47
Q

Approximately what percentage of children identified for special education receives services primarily for speech or language disorders?

A

20%

48
Q

Language disorders are generally classified according to two dimensions:

A

domain and etiology

49
Q

Three examples of a primary language disorder is a/an

A

specific language impairment, early expressive language delay, language-based reading impairment

50
Q

A primary language disorder

A

has no identifiable cause

51
Q

A language based reading impairment involves

A

a reading problem based on a language disorder

52
Q

The failure of a child to understand the rules for producing the sounds of their language at an age-appropriate level and in a culturally appropriate way represents

A

phonological disorders

53
Q

Articulation disorders

A

involve errors in sound production

54
Q

The dimensions of voice are

A

pitch, loudness, and quality

55
Q

The most frequent type of fluency disorder is

A

stuttering

56
Q

What percentage of children and adults are considered stutterers?

A

1%

57
Q

trouble controlling speech sounds

A

dysarthria

58
Q

trouble planning and coordinating speech

A

apraxia

59
Q

occurs because of a stroke or other type of brain damage after learning speech

A

acquired apraxia

60
Q

emerges as the child develops speech and language skills

A

developmental apraxia

61
Q

complete loss of voice

A

aphonia

62
Q

The primary role of the classroom teacher is to facilitate development of which aspect of language?

A

pragmatics

63
Q

Methods of progress monitoring that involve a cycle of teaching, followed by testing, and then reteaching as necessary are

A

dynamic assessments

64
Q

Jeremy is a four year old boy who makes infantile noises and uses gestures to request objects. He displays

A

prelinguistic communication

65
Q

Much of a child’s language and social development depend on two characteristics of language interaction the child has with caregivers. What are the characteristics?

A

nature and quantity of the language

66
Q

Which skill is important in order for teens and adults to learn strategies for storing, selecting, retrieving, and processing information?

A

reading skills

67
Q

What is an example of an articulation disorder?

A

lisping

68
Q

A pervasive developmental disability characterized by extreme withdrawal, cognitive deficits, language disorders, self-stimulation, and onset before the age of thirty months

A

Autism

69
Q

Normal development for five months to four years, followed by regression and mental retardation

A

Rhett’s disorder

70
Q

Normal development for at least two years, and up to ten years, followed by significant loss of skills

A

Childhood disintegrative disorder

71
Q

Pervasive delay in development that does not fit into any of the other diagnostics categories

A

Pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)

Teaching diverse learners (6 decks)

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