Chapters 13 & 14 Flashcards
All low-incidence, severe, and multiple disabilities combined probably affect what percentage of the population?
less than 1%
IDEA recognized the category of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the year
1990
Traumatic brain injury is one of the most common injuries of
the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Common accepted definitions of TBI specify what four things?
injury to the brain is caused by external force.
injury to the brain is not caused by a degenerative or congenital condition.
there is diminished or altered state of consciousness.
neurological or neurobehavioral dysfunction results from the injury.
Brain damage caused by internal compression, stretching, or other shearing motion of neural tissues within the head is due to
closed head injuries
involve a penetrating head would from such causes as a fall, gunshot, assault, vehicular accident, or surgery
open head injuries
a degenerative brain disease caused by repetitive trauma to the brain.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
The prevalence of TBI has increased so much in recent years that it is not referred to as what
silent epidemic
Are males or females more prone to TBI?
males
What is the most common cause of TBI in children under five?
accidental falls
After age 5, and increasingly through adolescence, the primary cause of TBI is
vehicular accidents
A syndrome that causes deaf-blindness and is characterized by a number of physical defects, such as an abnormally shaped pupil, and results in difficulties in swallowing and breathing is
charge syndrome
Three syndromes associated with deaf-blindness
Down syndrome.
CHARGE syndrome.
Usher syndrome
Three prenatal conditions that cause deaf-blindness
German measles.
rubella.
congenital cytomegalovirus
An inherited syndrome of deaf-blindness characterized by hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa is
Usher syndrome
The Acadian French of south Louisiana are known for
having a high incidence of Usher syndrome
In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness, two principles that practitioners and parents should keep in mind are
direct teaching and structured routines
An adaptation that may be used by a person who is deaf-blind to communicate with the public is
assistance cards
Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate through normal speech can express wants and needs, share information, engage in social closeness, or manage social etiquette is
augmentative or alternative communication.
Any repetitive, stereotyped behavior that seems to have no immediately apparent purpose is
self-simulation
The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behavior is exhibited is called
functional behavioral assessment
What was the first word that Helen Keller was able to “hear?”
it
What was Helen Keller’s greatest disappointment?
not being able to speak normally
The primary distinguishing characteristics of children with physical disability is
physical limitations or health problems
Impairments that a child is born with are referred to as
congenital anomalies
A condition that may be severe but resolves with treatment
acute
A condition that is incurable is
chronic
A condition that occurs repeatedly but does not necessarily become more severe over time is
episodic
A condition that becomes more and more severe over time is
progressive
What effect have advances in medicine had on the need for special education due to physical disabilities?
increased the need for special education for students with severe disabilities.
Impairments that are the result of injury to the brain that also affect the ability to move parts of one’s body are
neuromotor impairments
When a child’s nervous system is damaged, no matter what the cause, which of the following is often one of the symptoms?
muscular weakness or paralysis
Cerebral palsy is classified by
the limbs involved and type of motor disability.
Andre’s legs are paralyzed, but he has full use of his arms. His condition is
paraplegia
Stiffness or tenseness of muscles and inaccurate voluntary movements is known as
spasticity
Abrupt, involuntary movements and difficulty in maintaining balance is known as
choreoathetoid
floppiness or lack of muscle tone
atonic
When there is an abnormal discharge of electrical energy in certain brain cells, the result is
seizures
What are four common causes of seizures
lack of oxygen.
low blood sugar.
infections.
physical trauma
a congenital midline defect resulting from failure of the bony spinal column to close completely during fetal development. His condition is known as
spina bifida
Any malformation of the spine, spinal cord, or brain is a
neural tube defect
a hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers
muscular dystrophy
is characterized by pain in and around the joints and muscles.
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
A lung disease characterized by episodic inflammation or obstruction of the air passages such that the person has difficulty breathing is
asthma
In addition to its effect on the immune system, AIDS poses all of the following threats to children
intellectual disability.
emotional or behavioral disorders.
seizures.
cerebral palsy
For children with most physical disabilities and other health impairments, a common cause of academic difficulties is
erratic school attendance
Children’s reactions to their own physical disabilities are largely a reflection of what
how others respond to them
an artificial replacement for a missing body part
prosthesis
a device that enhances the partial function of a part of a person’s body
orthosis
Which principles are most important to keep in mind when considering prosthetics and orthotics?
residual function, simplicity, reliability
The greatest problem with using technology for people with physical disabilities is
accurately evaluating them to determine what would be most useful.
The primary goal of adapted physical education is
to allow access to activities that support physical, recreational, and leisure goals
A person who provides support for daily living skills and fine motor skills is a(n)
occupational therapists
A situation in which a person with a disability becomes a regular employee, performs a valued function in a regular work setting, and receives fair pay while receiving training, social skills instruction, and other services is
supported employment
The greatest complicating factor in most students’ return to school following TBI is
anguage or speech disorders
The intelligence of children with cerebral palsy is
difficult to assess due to difficulties in perception, movement, or response speed.
The intelligence of students with conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system is
unaffected
