Chapters 11 & 12

Question 1

From the physiological perspective, the distinction between “deaf” and “hard of hearing” is based on

Answer 1

decibel levels detected.

Question 2

From an educational point of view, how is “deafness” best defined?

Answer 2

an inability to understand speech even with a hearing aid

Question 3

The term “hard of hearing” is used to describe people with hearing impairment who

Answer 3

have enough residual hearing to process sound with a hearing aid

Question 4

According to the U.S. Department of Education, what percentage of students are identified as deaf or hard of hearing?

Answer 4

0.10%

Question 5

People who say that deafness should not be considered a disability argue that

Answer 5

they should be considered a cultural minority with a language of their own.

Question 6

The ossicles function to create

Answer 6

transfer of energy from the middle ear to the inner ear.

Question 7

The most important organ for hearing is the

Answer 7

cochlea

Question 8

Ideally, screening tests for babies should follow a

Answer 8

1-3-6 month rule

Question 9

Pure tone audiometry establishes

Answer 9

threshold for hearing at various frequencies.

Question 10

Most speech sounds have frequencies (pitch) that

Answer 10

have a wide range: 500-2,000 Hz.

Question 11

The “speech reception threshold” is best defined as the

Answer 11

decibel level at which one can understand speech.

Question 12

A condition in which the external auditory canal does not form is

Answer 12

atresia

Question 13

is medically known as external otitis, an infection of the skin of the external auditory canal.

Answer 13

swimmer’s ear

Question 14

Name three problems associated with inner ear hearing loss

Answer 14

sound distorition, balance problems, and roaring or ringing in the ears.

Question 15

The most frequent viral cause of non genetic deafness in newborns is

Answer 15

congential cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 16

Grammatical structure of American Sign Language consist of each of the following

Answer 16

handshape, location, movement

Question 17

With respect to phonology skills in students who are deaf,

Answer 17

they are similar to phonology skills of students with reading disabilities.

Question 18

Among students who are deaf, those who achieve the highest levels of literacy tend to have

Answer 18

parents who are deaf who teach them ASL.

Question 19

A deaf baseball player for whom a petition has been circulated for him to be inducted into the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame is:

Answer 19

Dummy Hoy

Question 20

A particularly controversial point of view held by many members of the Deaf culture is that

Answer 20

children should not receive cochlear implants to improve their hearing.

Question 21

The genetic engineering debate regarding Deaf activism refers to members of the Deaf community who want to

Answer 21

deliberately increase their chances of having a deaf child

Question 22

The auditory-verbal approach encourages children with hearing impairment to

Answer 22

use their residual hearing

Question 23

Teaching people with hearing impairments to use visual information (such as facial expressions) to understand what is being said to them is

Answer 23

speech reading

Question 24

A principle underlying the bicultural-bilingual approach is

Answer 24

stressing that ASL is the primary language, and English is secondary.

Question 25

FM systems are used in conjunction with hearing aids to

Answer 25

amplify sounds

Question 26

A TT, also referred to as TTYs, is a device for

Answer 26

communicating via telephone.

Question 27

Currently, approximately what percentage of students with hearing impairments attend classes in their local schools?

Answer 27

86%

Question 28

In recent years, many people within the deaf community have questioned the trend toward inclusion of children with hearing impairment because

Answer 28

it forces students to lose their deaf identity

Question 29

Many in the Deaf community believe that residential schools for children who are deaf are necessary to

Answer 29

perpetuate the Deaf culture and use of ASL.

Question 30

What statement about the assessment of progress of students who are hearing impaired is true?

Answer 30

Most standardized assessments are biased toward the majority culture.

Question 31

The focus of early intervention for children with hearing impairments is on

Answer 31

language development

Question 32

Children with deafness who have parents who are also deaf

Answer 32

develop ASL at a rate similar to the rate at which hearing infants develop English

Question 33

Frank, who is deaf, is the six-month-old son of hearing parents. To interact effectively with Frank, his parents should

Answer 33

attend to eye gaze

Question 34

Until the mid-1960s, the only institution specifically for post-secondary education of students with hearing impairments was

Answer 34

Gallaudet

Question 35

What percentage of deaf children have hearing parents?

Answer 35

90%

Question 36

The total communication approach uses

Answer 36

oral and manual methods

Question 37

Describe the prevalence of blindness

Answer 37

it is the least prevalent disability

Question 38

The legal definition of blindness involves assessment of

Answer 38

visual acuity and field of vision

Question 39

Even though he has visual acuity of 20/20, Jeff is considered legally blind. This is possible if he has severely restricted

Answer 39

peripheral vision

Question 40

A common criticism of legal definitions of blindness is that visual acuity

Answer 40

doesn't predict how well people use their remaining sight

Question 41

The educational definition of blindness and low vision stresses

Answer 41

the method of reading instruction.

Question 42

For educational purposes, individuals who are blind must use

Answer 42

braille or aural methods.

Question 43

Blindness occurs most often in

Answer 43

adulthood

Question 44

What percentage of school-aged children does the federal government classify as visually impaired?

Answer 44

0.04%

Question 45

a transparent cover in front of the iris and pupil

Answer 45

cornea

Question 46

a watery substance between the cornea and lens of the eye

Answer 46

aqueous humor

Question 47

refines and changes the focus of the light rays

Answer 47

lens

Question 48

a gelatinous substance that fills the eyeball between the retina and lens

Answer 48

virtreous humor

Question 49

the contractile opening in the middle of the iris

Answer 49

pupil

Question 50

the colored portion of the eye that contracts or expands

Answer 50

iris

Question 51

the back portion of the eye, containing nerve fibers connected to the optic nerve

Answer 51

retina

Question 52

part of the eye that carries the information back to the brain

Answer 52

optic nerve

Question 53

Janice is described as being able to detect some objects in the environment when they are fully lit. This is an example of a skill a teacher might note when performing a

Answer 53

functional vision assessment

Question 54

In children, the leading cause of blindness is

Answer 54

cortical visual impairment (CVI)

Question 55

the bending of light rays as they pass through the various structures of the eye

Answer 55

refraction

Question 56

myopia

Answer 56

near-sightedness

Question 57

hyperopia

Answer 57

farsightedness

Question 58

blurred vision

Answer 58

astigmatism

Question 59

a group of eye diseases that causes damage to the optic nerve

Answer 59

glaucoma

Question 60

a condition that results from interference with the blood supply to the retina

Answer 60

diabetic retinopathy

Question 61

caused by a clouding of the lens of they eye, which results in blurred vision

Answer 61

cataracts

Question 62

a condition resulting from administration of an excessive concentration of oxygen at birth; causes scar tissue to form behind the lens of the eye

Answer 62

retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

Question 63

a condition resulting in underdevelopment of the optic nerve; often accompanied by brain abnormalties, which can result in other problems

Answer 63

optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH)

Question 64

a poorly understood childhood condition that apparantly involves dysfunction in the visual cortex; characterized by large day-to=day variations in visual ability

Answer 64

cortical visual impairment (CVI)

Question 65

A condition that involves an underdevelopment of part of the eye and is often associated with other neurological conditions, such as cerebral palsy, is

Answer 65

optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH)

Question 66

A hereditary disease that usually causes the field of vision to narrow and also affects night vision is

Answer 66

retinitis pigmentosa

Question 67

Which of the following is a condition in which one or both eyes are directed inward (crossed eyes) or outward?

Answer 67

strabismus

Question 68

Which of the following is a condition in which rapid involuntary movements of the eyes occur?

Answer 68

nystagmus

Question 69

An important difference between individuals with and without sight is that

Answer 69

those without sight need to take much more initiative to learn what they can from their environment

Question 70

In comparison to sighted children, children who are blind

Answer 70

are not impaired in language functioning and might even be more motivated than sighted children to use language

Question 71

a strategy that blind people may use for navigating through their environment

Answer 71

cognitive mapping

Question 72

can be accomplished by clicking one's tongue

Answer 72

echolocation

Question 73

Most professionals now agree that the intelligence of people with blindness

Answer 73

can't be compared directly to that of people with sight

Question 74

Many authorities believe that lower achievement scores of students who are blind or who have low vision is most likely due to

Answer 74

low expectations or lack of exposure to braille

Question 75

Social adjustment problems for children with visual impairment are most likely the result of

Answer 75

society's reaction to people who are blind

Question 76

Repetitive movements such as rocking, rubbing the eyes, and grimacing displayed by some people who are blind are known as

Answer 76

stereotypic behaviors

Question 77

Which of the following special modifications for the student with little to no sight refers to everyday living skills?

Answer 77

O&M

Question 78

braille used for most everyday situations

Answer 78

literary braille

Question 79

braille used for mathematical and scientific symbols

Answer 79

Nemeth Code

Question 80

braille that unifies literary and technical writing

Answer 80

Unified English Braille

Question 81

The basic unit of braille is a

Answer 81

quadrangular cell containing one to six dots.

Question 82

Approximately what percentage of the population of school-age children with blindness currently uses braille as a primary reading method?

Answer 82

about 12%

Question 83

The National Federation of the Blind has had braille bills passed

Answer 83

to ensure that teachers of students with visual impairments are proficient in braille

Question 84

The major disadvantage of large-print books is that they

Answer 84

take up a great deal of storage space.

Question 85

Use of compressed speech enables students with blindness to

Answer 85

listen to recorded texts at a faster rate.

Question 86

Which mobility aid is most often recommended by professionals

Answer 86

the long cane

Question 87

A disadvantage of using guide dogs is that they

Answer 87

require extensive training for the dog and the owner.

Question 88

What three things must guide dogs learn?

Answer 88

keep on a direct route, ignoring distractions. stop at all curbs until told to go. lie quietly when the handler is sitting down.

Question 89

These devices can serve the same function as the Perkins Brailler or slate and stylus, but they offer additional speech-synthesizer and word-processing capabilities.

Answer 89

portable braille notetakers

Question 90

Historically, residential institutions were the preferred means of service delivery because they

Answer 90

offered a number of specialized services in one place

Question 91

Parents of infants who are blind should focus their initial efforts on

Answer 91

mobility and feeding skills

Question 92

Name three accommodations that can be made on the job for those who are blind or who have low vision

Answer 92

better lighting. prompt snow removal. obstacle-free hallways.

Question 93

the boundary between the outer and middle ears

Answer 93

eardrum

Question 94

the part of the ear that protrudes from teh side of the ead

Answer 94

auricle

Question 95

three tiny bones that together make possible an efficient transfer of sound waves from the eardrumm to the oval window.

Answer 95

ossicles

Question 96

name the three ossicles or tiny bones in the middle ear

Answer 96

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 97

malleus

Answer 97

hammer

Question 98

incus

Answer 98

anvil

Question 99

stapes

Answer 99

stirrup

Question 100

located in the upper portion of the inner ear, is responsible for the sense of balance

Answer 100

vistibular mechanism

Question 101

What percentage of the eye's focusing power comes from the cornea?

Answer 101

70%

Question 102

Vision is usually tested with or without corrective lenses

Answer 102

with and without

Question 103

When she is out in public and receives dollar bills as change, how does the blind person in the video "read" the denominations of the currency?

Answer 103

her iphone

Question 104

Sign language interpreters use

Answer 104

use a hybrid of ASL and transliteration, Signed American Sign Language (SASL)