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Teaching diverse learners > Chapters 11 & 12 > Flashcards

Chapters 11 & 12 Flashcards

1
Q

From the physiological perspective, the distinction between “deaf” and “hard of hearing” is based on

A

decibel levels detected.

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2
Q

From an educational point of view, how is “deafness” best defined?

A

an inability to understand speech even with a hearing aid

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3
Q

The term “hard of hearing” is used to describe people with hearing impairment who

A

have enough residual hearing to process sound with a hearing aid

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4
Q

According to the U.S. Department of Education, what percentage of students are identified as deaf or hard of hearing?

A

0.10%

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5
Q

People who say that deafness should not be considered a disability argue that

A

they should be considered a cultural minority with a language of their own.

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6
Q

The ossicles function to create

A

transfer of energy from the middle ear to the inner ear.

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7
Q

The most important organ for hearing is the

A

cochlea

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8
Q

Ideally, screening tests for babies should follow a

A

1-3-6 month rule

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9
Q

Pure tone audiometry establishes

A

threshold for hearing at various frequencies.

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10
Q

Most speech sounds have frequencies (pitch) that

A

have a wide range: 500-2,000 Hz.

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11
Q

The “speech reception threshold” is best defined as the

A

decibel level at which one can understand speech.

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12
Q

A condition in which the external auditory canal does not form is

A

atresia

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13
Q

is medically known as external otitis, an infection of the skin of the external auditory canal.

A

swimmer’s ear

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14
Q

Name three problems associated with inner ear hearing loss

A

sound distorition, balance problems, and roaring or ringing in the ears.

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15
Q

The most frequent viral cause of non genetic deafness in newborns is

A

congential cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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16
Q

Grammatical structure of American Sign Language consist of each of the following

A

handshape, location, movement

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17
Q

With respect to phonology skills in students who are deaf,

A

they are similar to phonology skills of students with reading disabilities.

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18
Q

Among students who are deaf, those who achieve the highest levels of literacy tend to have

A

parents who are deaf who teach them ASL.

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19
Q

A deaf baseball player for whom a petition has been circulated for him to be inducted into the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame is:

A

Dummy Hoy

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20
Q

A particularly controversial point of view held by many members of the Deaf culture is that

A

children should not receive cochlear implants to improve their hearing.

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21
Q

The genetic engineering debate regarding Deaf activism refers to members of the Deaf community who want to

A

deliberately increase their chances of having a deaf child

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22
Q

The auditory-verbal approach encourages children with hearing impairment to

A

use their residual hearing

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23
Q

Teaching people with hearing impairments to use visual information (such as facial expressions) to understand what is being said to them is

A

speech reading

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24
Q

A principle underlying the bicultural-bilingual approach is

A

stressing that ASL is the primary language, and English is secondary.

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25
Q

FM systems are used in conjunction with hearing aids to

A

amplify sounds

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26
Q

A TT, also referred to as TTYs, is a device for

A

communicating via telephone.

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27
Q

Currently, approximately what percentage of students with hearing impairments attend classes in their local schools?

A

86%

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28
Q

In recent years, many people within the deaf community have questioned the trend toward inclusion of children with hearing impairment because

A

it forces students to lose their deaf identity

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29
Q

Many in the Deaf community believe that residential schools for children who are deaf are necessary to

A

perpetuate the Deaf culture and use of ASL.

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30
Q

What statement about the assessment of progress of students who are hearing impaired is true?

A

Most standardized assessments are biased toward the majority culture.

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31
Q

The focus of early intervention for children with hearing impairments is on

A

language development

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32
Q

Children with deafness who have parents who are also deaf

A

develop ASL at a rate similar to the rate at which hearing infants develop English

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33
Q

Frank, who is deaf, is the six-month-old son of hearing parents. To interact effectively with Frank, his parents should

A

attend to eye gaze

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34
Q

Until the mid-1960s, the only institution specifically for post-secondary education of students with hearing impairments was

A

Gallaudet

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35
Q

What percentage of deaf children have hearing parents?

A

90%

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36
Q

The total communication approach uses

A

oral and manual methods

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37
Q

Describe the prevalence of blindness

A

it is the least prevalent disability

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38
Q

The legal definition of blindness involves assessment of

A

visual acuity and field of vision

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39
Q

Even though he has visual acuity of 20/20, Jeff is considered legally blind. This is possible if he has severely restricted

A

peripheral vision

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40
Q

A common criticism of legal definitions of blindness is that visual acuity

A

doesn’t predict how well people use their remaining sight

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41
Q

The educational definition of blindness and low vision stresses

A

the method of reading instruction.

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42
Q

For educational purposes, individuals who are blind must use

A

braille or aural methods.

43
Q

Blindness occurs most often in

A

adulthood

44
Q

What percentage of school-aged children does the federal government classify as visually impaired?

A

0.04%

45
Q

a transparent cover in front of the iris and pupil

A

cornea

46
Q

a watery substance between the cornea and lens of the eye

A

aqueous humor

47
Q

refines and changes the focus of the light rays

A

lens

48
Q

a gelatinous substance that fills the eyeball between the retina and lens

A

virtreous humor

49
Q

the contractile opening in the middle of the iris

A

pupil

50
Q

the colored portion of the eye that contracts or expands

A

iris

51
Q

the back portion of the eye, containing nerve fibers connected to the optic nerve

A

retina

52
Q

part of the eye that carries the information back to the brain

A

optic nerve

53
Q

Janice is described as being able to detect some objects in the environment when they are fully lit. This is an example of a skill a teacher might note when performing a

A

functional vision assessment

54
Q

In children, the leading cause of blindness is

A

cortical visual impairment (CVI)

55
Q

the bending of light rays as they pass through the various structures of the eye

A

refraction

56
Q

myopia

A

near-sightedness

57
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

58
Q

blurred vision

A

astigmatism

59
Q

a group of eye diseases that causes damage to the optic nerve

A

glaucoma

60
Q

a condition that results from interference with the blood supply to the retina

A

diabetic retinopathy

61
Q

caused by a clouding of the lens of they eye, which results in blurred vision

A

cataracts

62
Q

a condition resulting from administration of an excessive concentration of oxygen at birth; causes scar tissue to form behind the lens of the eye

A

retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

63
Q

a condition resulting in underdevelopment of the optic nerve; often accompanied by brain abnormalties, which can result in other problems

A

optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH)

64
Q

a poorly understood childhood condition that apparantly involves dysfunction in the visual cortex; characterized by large day-to=day variations in visual ability

A

cortical visual impairment (CVI)

65
Q

A condition that involves an underdevelopment of part of the eye and is often associated with other neurological conditions, such as cerebral palsy, is

A

optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH)

66
Q

A hereditary disease that usually causes the field of vision to narrow and also affects night vision is

A

retinitis pigmentosa

67
Q

Which of the following is a condition in which one or both eyes are directed inward (crossed eyes) or outward?

A

strabismus

68
Q

Which of the following is a condition in which rapid involuntary movements of the eyes occur?

A

nystagmus

69
Q

An important difference between individuals with and without sight is that

A

those without sight need to take much more initiative to learn what they can from their environment

70
Q

In comparison to sighted children, children who are blind

A

are not impaired in language functioning and might even be more motivated than sighted children to use language

71
Q

a strategy that blind people may use for navigating through their environment

A

cognitive mapping

72
Q

can be accomplished by clicking one’s tongue

A

echolocation

73
Q

Most professionals now agree that the intelligence of people with blindness

A

can’t be compared directly to that of people with sight

74
Q

Many authorities believe that lower achievement scores of students who are blind or who have low vision is most likely due to

A

low expectations or lack of exposure to braille

75
Q

Social adjustment problems for children with visual impairment are most likely the result of

A

society’s reaction to people who are blind

76
Q

Repetitive movements such as rocking, rubbing the eyes, and grimacing displayed by some people who are blind are known as

A

stereotypic behaviors

77
Q

Which of the following special modifications for the student with little to no sight refers to everyday living skills?

A

O&M

78
Q

braille used for most everyday situations

A

literary braille

79
Q

braille used for mathematical and scientific symbols

A

Nemeth Code

80
Q

braille that unifies literary and technical writing

A

Unified English Braille

81
Q

The basic unit of braille is a

A

quadrangular cell containing one to six dots.

82
Q

Approximately what percentage of the population of school-age children with blindness currently uses braille as a primary reading method?

A

about 12%

83
Q

The National Federation of the Blind has had braille bills passed

A

to ensure that teachers of students with visual impairments are proficient in braille

84
Q

The major disadvantage of large-print books is that they

A

take up a great deal of storage space.

85
Q

Use of compressed speech enables students with blindness to

A

listen to recorded texts at a faster rate.

86
Q

Which mobility aid is most often recommended by professionals

A

the long cane

87
Q

A disadvantage of using guide dogs is that they

A

require extensive training for the dog and the owner.

88
Q

What three things must guide dogs learn?

A

keep on a direct route, ignoring distractions.
stop at all curbs until told to go.
lie quietly when the handler is sitting down.

89
Q

These devices can serve the same function as the Perkins Brailler or slate and stylus, but they offer additional speech-synthesizer and word-processing capabilities.

A

portable braille notetakers

90
Q

Historically, residential institutions were the preferred means of service delivery because they

A

offered a number of specialized services in one place

91
Q

Parents of infants who are blind should focus their initial efforts on

A

mobility and feeding skills

92
Q

Name three accommodations that can be made on the job for those who are blind or who have low vision

A

better lighting.
prompt snow removal.
obstacle-free hallways.

93
Q

the boundary between the outer and middle ears

A

eardrum

94
Q

the part of the ear that protrudes from teh side of the ead

A

auricle

95
Q

three tiny bones that together make possible an efficient transfer of sound waves from the eardrumm to the oval window.

A

ossicles

96
Q

name the three ossicles or tiny bones in the middle ear

A

malleus, incus, stapes

97
Q

malleus

A

hammer

98
Q

incus

A

anvil

99
Q

stapes

A

stirrup

100
Q

located in the upper portion of the inner ear, is responsible for the sense of balance

A

vistibular mechanism

101
Q

What percentage of the eye’s focusing power comes from the cornea?

A

70%

102
Q

Vision is usually tested with or without corrective lenses

A

with and without

103
Q

When she is out in public and receives dollar bills as change, how does the blind person in the video “read” the denominations of the currency?

A

her iphone

104
Q

Sign language interpreters use

A

use a hybrid of ASL and transliteration, Signed American Sign Language (SASL)

Teaching diverse learners (6 decks)

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