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Teaching diverse learners > Chapters 7 & 8 > Flashcards

Chapters 7 & 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the setting that got Fidgety Philip into trouble?

A

dinner with his parents

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2
Q

What did Johnny Head-inAir fall into?

A

a river

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3
Q

A physician credited with being the first to address the issue of attention deficits in the professional literature is

A

Melchior Adam Weikard.

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4
Q

Which of the following is a way that Still’s cases were similar to today’s population of persons with ADHD?

A

Many had average intelligence.

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5
Q

The term perseveration refers to a person’s tendency to

A

repeat the same behaviors over and over again.

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6
Q

Which term was used before 1960 to describe children with normal intelligence who were inattentive, impulsive, and/or hyperactive?

A

minimal brain injury

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7
Q

A condition characterized by paralysis, weakness, lack of coordination, and/or other motor dysfunction; caused by damage to the brain before it has matured

A

cerebral palsy (CP)

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8
Q

A disorder characterized by overt, aggressive, disruptive behavior or covert antisocial acts such as stealing, lying, and fire setting

A

conduct disorder

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9
Q

Behaviors of distractibility, forced responsiveness to stimuli, and hyperactivity

A

Strauss syndrome

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10
Q

What label replaced minimal brain injury

A

hyperactive child syndrome

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11
Q

What do many professionals believe is NOT the primary deficit in ADHD?

A

hyperactivity

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12
Q

What are the three subdivisions of ADHD according to the American Psychiatric Association’s diagnostic manual EXCEPT

A

predominantly inattentive type.
predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type.
combined type.

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13
Q

what is the most common disability seen in child guidance clinics?

A

ADHD

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14
Q

Students with ADHD receive special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in which category?

A

OHI (other health impaired)

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15
Q

ADHD occurs in more frequently in boys with estimates of

A

2 to 1

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16
Q

Do statistics show that ADHD is largely a US phenomenon.

A

no

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17
Q

What are are the four important components of assessing whether a student has ADHD?

A

a medical examination.
a clinical interview.
teacher and parent rating scales.
behavioral observations.

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18
Q

Is there a neurological basis for ADHD?

A

yes

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19
Q

Research indicates that ADHD most likely results from

A

neurological dysfunction and heredity

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20
Q

The part of the brain responsible for executive functions such as the ability to regulate one’s behavior is the

A

frontol lobes

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21
Q

The basal ganglia and the cerebellum are responsible for

A

coordination and control of motor behavior.

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22
Q

An organ at the base of the brain responsible for coordination and movement; site of abnormal development in persons with ADHD

A

cerebellum

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23
Q

Chemicals that help in the sending of messages between neurons in the brain are called

A

neurotransmitters

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24
Q

Two neurotransmitters involved in sending messages between neurons and the brain that is found in abnormal levels in people with ADHD is

A

dopamine and noradrenaline

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25
Q

How many genes may be involved in ADHD - specifically in the way that neurotransmitters move from neuron to neuron?

A

at least 20

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26
Q

study of the structure and function of genes at the molecular level

A

molecular genetics

27
Q

Research indicates that some children with ADHD have higher levels of which toxin in their blood?

A

lead

28
Q

What are two other possible causes of ADHD?

A

complications at birth and low birth weight

29
Q

the ability to regulate one’s behavior through working memory, inner speech, control of emotions and arousal levels, and analysis of problems and communication of problem solutions to others; delayed or impaired in people with ADHD

A

executive functions

30
Q

the ability to stop an intended response, to stop an ongoing response, to guard an ongoing response from interruption, and to refrain from responding immediately; allows executive functions to occur; delayed or impaired in those with ADHD

A

behavioral inhibition

31
Q

Skills needed to adapt to one’s living environment; usually estimated by an adaptive behavior survey; one of two major components of AAMR definition

A

adaptive behavior skills

32
Q

Describe the social behavior of students with ADHD compared to other students with other disabilities

A

they are more disliked by their peers

33
Q

ADHD has been shown to often coexist with what three things

A

learning disabilities
emotional or behavioral disorders
substance abuse

34
Q

What do some professionals recommend the use of in order to reduce distractions in the classroom for students with ADHD?

A

cubicles

35
Q

evaluation that consists of finding out the consequences, antecedents, and setting events that maintain inappropriate behaviors

A

functional behavioral assessment (FBA)

36
Q

rewards based on use of self-management techniques

A

contingency-based self-management

37
Q

What are some tips for helping kids stay organized and follow directions?

A 
Schedule
Organize everyday items
Use homework and notebook organizers
Be clear and consistent
Give praise or rewards when rules are followed
38
Q

Most students with ADHD spend most of their time in what kind of setting?

A

general education

39
Q

Medications that activate dopamine levels in the frontal and prefrontal areas of the brain that control behavior inhibition, and executive functions

A

psycholstimulants

40
Q

Name a drug prescribed for ADHD that is not a stimulant

A

strattera

41
Q

Name three drugs prescribed for ADHD that are stimulants

A

ritalin, adderall, vyvanse

42
Q

The most frequently prescribed types of medication for students with ADHD are

A

psycholstimulants

43
Q

What are some benefits to a child with ADHD taking Ritalin?

A 
better results on parent and teacher rating scales
improved academic achievement
improved classroom behavior
improved on-task behavior
improved grades
improved written-language work
44
Q

What are some negative side effects that may occur in some children who take Ritalin?

A 
insomnia
reduction in appetite
abdominal pain
headaches
irritability
45
Q

For students with ADHD, assessment of progress is similar to

A

the approaches used for students with learning disabilities.

46
Q

Momentary time sampling is —— to capture a representative sample of a target behavior over a specified period of time.

A

an interval recording procedure

47
Q

Diagnosis of young children with ADHD is particularly difficult because

A

many preschoolers without ADHD exhibit a great deal of activity and impulsivity.

48
Q

The most obvious problem of children with E/BD is

A

lack of close emotional ties.

49
Q

The problematic behavior of children and youth with E/BD tends to be

A

episodic, highly variable, and situation specific.

50
Q

Usually the problems of EBD arise as a result of

A

both the misbehavior and the mismanagement of the behavior.

51
Q

A behavior disorder refers to what three things?

A

behavior that goes to an extreme.
a problem that is chronic.
behavior that is unacceptable because of social or cultural expectations.

52
Q

List some of the signs to look for when determining if a child has a conduct disorder.

A 
aggressive and harmful behavior
destructive behavior
lying and theft
violation of rules
early substance abuse
early sexual activity
53
Q

Two broad dimensions of behavior disorders are

A

internalizing and externalizing

54
Q

co-occurrence of two or more conditions in the same individual

A

comorbidity

55
Q

delusions and hallucinations
tendency to withdraw into their own private worlds
severe disorder of thinking

A

schizophrenia

56
Q

According to the federal government, what percentage of the school-age population is identified for special education services under the category of “emotional disturbance”?

A

less than 1%

57
Q

What percentage of the school aged population exhibits serious and persistent emotional/behavioral problems, according to credible studies in the US and other countries?

A

6-10%

58
Q

The causes of E/BD have been attributed to what four things?

A

biological disorders and diseases.
pathological family relationships.
undesirable school experiences.
negative cultural influences.

59
Q

In the majority of cases, the cause of E/BD is

A

unknown

60
Q

Despite problems in defining E/BD, most children with severe E/BD are easily recognized because

A

their behavior attracts immediate attention.

61
Q

Most professionals believe that aggression is

A

a learned behavior

62
Q

What are some proper ways to respond to aggression?

A

providing examples of nonaggressive responses in aggression-provoking circumstances.
role-playing nonaggressive behavior with him.
preventing him from receiving positive consequences for aggression.

63
Q

What is one of the leading causes of death among young people

A

suicide

64
Q

All credible conceptual models of education have two objectives. They are

A

controlling misbehavior and teaching academic and social skills.

Teaching diverse learners (6 decks)

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