Chapters 1 & 2 Flashcards
At least _ of every 10 school age students in the United States is considered exceptional.
2
Most exceptional learners …
Are average in more ways than they are not.
Describe the difference between handicap and disability.
Disabilities are an inability to do something (impairments), while handicaps are disadvantages imposed on an individual.
A six-month old child who cannot walk or talk would best be described as having what?
Age appropriate inability
Although no two students are alike, to be legally considered “exceptional” for purposes of their program, students must what?
Require special educational services to achieve
When special education works as it should, the outcome for students is what?
Improved achievement and behavior
By federal law, when is a student eligible for special education?
When careful assessment indicated she or she is unable to make satisfactory progress in the regular school program.
Describe the “typical” student who receives special education services.
Joe is an elementary student with a learning disability
What does prevalence refer to?
The percentage of a population having a particular exceptionality
At present, about how many students in the United States receive special education?
Over 6 million
The number of students identified as having a learning disability …
Has more than doubled since the mid-1970s
Dramatic increases in prevalence figures since 1995 have been recorded for children identified as having what?
Autism spectrum disorder
Is a disability always a handicap?
No
What is the best definition of special education?
Specially designed instruction that meets individual needs of exceptional students
Define special education
specially designed instruction that meets individual needs of exceptional students
What is the single most important goal of special education?
finding and capitalizing on exceptional students abilities
In the pre-revolutionary era in Europe and America, what goal predominated in the actions of society towards people with disabilities
protection
Contemporary educational methods for exceptional children can be traced directly to techniques pioneered during what time period?
early 1800s
Who is credited for special education as we know it today.?
Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard
Itard is best know for his work with
Victor, the “wild boy of Aveyron”
Most of the earliest special educators were trained as what?
physicians
The U.S. physician, educator, and political and social reformer who taught Laura Bridgman (who was deaf and blind) and helped found the Perkins School for the Blind was who?
Samuel Gridley Howe
List three practices that promote integration
normalization, inclusion, mainstreaming
What does deinstitutionalization refers to the movement away from what
placement in large residential facilities