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Teaching diverse learners > Chapters 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Chapters 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

At least _ of every 10 school age students in the United States is considered exceptional.

A

2

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2
Q

Most exceptional learners …

A

Are average in more ways than they are not.

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3
Q

Describe the difference between handicap and disability.

A

Disabilities are an inability to do something (impairments), while handicaps are disadvantages imposed on an individual.

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4
Q

A six-month old child who cannot walk or talk would best be described as having what?

A

Age appropriate inability

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5
Q

Although no two students are alike, to be legally considered “exceptional” for purposes of their program, students must what?

A

Require special educational services to achieve

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6
Q

When special education works as it should, the outcome for students is what?

A

Improved achievement and behavior

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7
Q

By federal law, when is a student eligible for special education?

A

When careful assessment indicated she or she is unable to make satisfactory progress in the regular school program.

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8
Q

Describe the “typical” student who receives special education services.

A

Joe is an elementary student with a learning disability

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9
Q

What does prevalence refer to?

A

The percentage of a population having a particular exceptionality

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10
Q

At present, about how many students in the United States receive special education?

A

Over 6 million

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11
Q

The number of students identified as having a learning disability …

A

Has more than doubled since the mid-1970s

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12
Q

Dramatic increases in prevalence figures since 1995 have been recorded for children identified as having what?

A

Autism spectrum disorder

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13
Q

Is a disability always a handicap?

A

No

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14
Q

What is the best definition of special education?

A

Specially designed instruction that meets individual needs of exceptional students

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15
Q

Define special education

A

specially designed instruction that meets individual needs of exceptional students

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16
Q

What is the single most important goal of special education?

A

finding and capitalizing on exceptional students abilities

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17
Q

In the pre-revolutionary era in Europe and America, what goal predominated in the actions of society towards people with disabilities

A

protection

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18
Q

Contemporary educational methods for exceptional children can be traced directly to techniques pioneered during what time period?

A

early 1800s

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19
Q

Who is credited for special education as we know it today.?

A

Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard

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20
Q

Itard is best know for his work with

A

Victor, the “wild boy of Aveyron”

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21
Q

Most of the earliest special educators were trained as what?

A

physicians

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22
Q

The U.S. physician, educator, and political and social reformer who taught Laura Bridgman (who was deaf and blind) and helped found the Perkins School for the Blind was who?

A

Samuel Gridley Howe

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23
Q

List three practices that promote integration

A

normalization, inclusion, mainstreaming

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24
Q

What does deinstitutionalization refers to the movement away from what

A

placement in large residential facilities

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25
Q

When did deinstitutionalizing begin?

A

1960s

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26
Q

Who was the founder of the Special Olympics?

A

Eunice Kennedy Shriver

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27
Q

Name an accomplishment associated with the Americans with Disabilities Act.

A

requirement that public transportation be made accessible to people with disabilities

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28
Q

What federal provision requires that children with disabilities be provided with a free, appropriate public education?

A

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

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29
Q

Name three provisions of IDEA.

A

Least restrictive environment (LRE)
Individualized education program (IEP)
Confidentiality

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30
Q

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the courts typically found that disruptive children or those with mental retardation (intellectual disabilities) could …

A

be excluded from school for the sake of preserving order

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31
Q

Advances in drug treatments appear to hold the potential for a cure for

A

muscular dystrophy

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32
Q

a requirement for states to identify and evaluate all children who may have a disability

A

child find

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33
Q

a multidisciplinary team to determine if the student has a disability and if he needs special education or related services

A

eligibility determination

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34
Q

a request for evaluation by the general education teacher or parent

A

referral

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35
Q

the results of this help to determine the student’s eligibility for special education and related services

A

evaluation

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36
Q

ensures that students receive evidence based instruction before they are evaluated for special education

A

prereferral

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37
Q

the process of determining whether or not a child has a disability based on how the child responds to scientific research based interventions

A

RTI - response to intervention

38
Q

Name three purposes pre-referral teams serve

A

reducing the number of referrals to special education
establishing “ownership” of students with disabilities by general educators
recommending strategies for working with children who exhibit academic and behavioral problems

39
Q

Response to intervention (RTI) is a preferred model most often used in determining whether a child has a specific learning disability. What does this model assume?

A

the general education teacher’s instruction is evidence-based and of high quality

40
Q

RTI can be applied to what two things?

A

social behavior and academic learning

41
Q

Frequent measures that provide information on whether a student is learning as expected

A

progress monitoring assessments

42
Q

What type of assessment is given to an entire group of students?

A

screening

43
Q

Early intervening services put a particular emphasis on students in what grades?

A

two through six

44
Q

Is there evidence to determine the effectiveness of the RTI?

A

no

45
Q

What is the legal document that describes the educational services a student receives?

A

IEP Individualized education program

46
Q

Are IEPs sometimes written for the wrong reasons and at the wrong time for the student?

A

yes

47
Q

A common error in writing an IEP is a reliance on what?

A

state standards

48
Q

Who serves on an IEP team?

A

parent or guardian, provider of special education, general education teacher

49
Q

changes in instruction that don’t significantly change the content or difficulty level of the curriculum

A

accommodations

50
Q

amended materials or assignments

A

modifications

51
Q

two or more professionals deliver instruction to a diverse group of students in one classroom

A

co-teaching or cooperative teaching

52
Q

an arrangement where teachers recruit and train peers to help teach an academic or social skill to a classmate

A

peer-mediated instruction

53
Q

teachers provide choices for assignments on a single topic that vary in difficulty

A

tiered assignments

54
Q

an instructional strategy for integrating students with disabilities into groups of non disabled peers

A

cooperative learning

55
Q

involves more significant modifications of instruction than accomodations

A

adaptions

56
Q

disabled students participate on a reduced basis in most activities in the general ed classroom

A

partial participation

57
Q

the special ed teacher acts as an expert who provides advice to the general ed teacher

A

collaborative consultation

58
Q

List the steps of the special education process in order

A
  1. Identification and referral
  2. Evaluation
  3. Determination of eligibility
  4. Development of an individualized education program (IEP) and determination of services
  5. Reevaluation
59
Q

List the 8 special education place options in order from least specialized and least separate to the most specialized and most separate placement

A
  1. general education class only
  2. general education class with consultation or co-teaching
  3. itinerant teacher
  4. resource teacher
  5. self-contained special class
  6. special day school
  7. homebound or hospital instruction
  8. residential school
60
Q

What phrase do educators prefer over “least restrictive environment”?

A

most enabling environment

61
Q

the method of teaching students with disabilities in the same environment as their age peers who don’t have disabilities

A

inclusion

62
Q

List the eight ways that all teachers should participate in educating exceptional students

A
  1. Make maximum effort to accommodate individual students’ needs.
  2. Evaluate academic abilities and disabilities.
  3. Refer for evaluation.
  4. Participate in eligibility conferences.
  5. Participate in writing individualized education programs.
  6. Communicate with parents or guardians.
  7. Participate in due process hearings and negotiations.
  8. Collaborate with other professionals in identifying and making maximum use of exceptional students’ abilities
63
Q

List three statements about common core state standards initiative and special education

A

Some are fearful that the standards will not be in the best interest of many students with disabilities.
There is a heavy emphasis on access to the general education curriculum for students with disabilities.
Questions remain, such as should special accommodations be made in assessing progress toward a standard.

64
Q

List three examples of accomodations

A

altering the time given for responding
changing the setting in which assessment is done
using an alternative format for presentation of tasks or the type of response allowed

65
Q

Standardized test should be used to do what

A

compare students with disabilities before and after they receive special instruction

66
Q

disorder which results in the absence of all four limbs

A

tetra-amelia

67
Q

an inability to do something

A

disability

68
Q

a disadvantage imposed on an individual

A

handicap

69
Q

define inclusion

A

mainstreaming; the idea of placing students with disabilities in general education classes and other school activities

70
Q

What condition results in the largest number of children classified as having moderate intellectual and developmental disabilities?

A

down syndrome

71
Q

a condition resulting from administration of an excessive concentration of oxygen at birth; causes scar tissue to form behind the lens of the eye

A

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

72
Q

A metabolic genetic disorder caused by the inability of the body to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine; an accumulation of phenylalanine results in abnormal brain development

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

73
Q

An inherited disease affecting primarily the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and respiratory organs; characterized by think, sticky mucous that often interferes with breathing or digestion

A

Cystic fibrosis

74
Q

A hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers

A

Muscular dystrophy

75
Q

A condition characterized by enlargement of the head because of excessive pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid

A

Hydrocephalus

76
Q

Also know as Public Las 94-142, which became law in 1975 and is no know as the individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Retitled in 1990 and reauthorized in 1997 and 2004

A

Education for All Handicapped Children Act

77
Q

Replaced Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Requires that to receive funds under the act, every school system in the nation must provide a free, appropriate public education for every child between the ages of three and twenty one, regardless of how seriously he or she is disabled

A

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

78
Q

The IDEA was reauthorized in 2004 and tilted as this

A

Individuals with Disabilities Improvement Act (IDEIA)

79
Q

quick measures administered to determine who may need further assessment

A

screening instruments

80
Q

measures that teachers administer at frequent, regular intervals and that provide information on whether a student is learning as expected. These assessments may be given to a large number of students in a short period of time

A

progress monitoring

81
Q

A formative evaluation method designed to evaluate performance in the curriculum to which students are exposed

A

Curriculum-based measurement (CBM)

82
Q

IDEA allows for academic or behavioral supports or related services for students in grades K-12 – with an emphasis on K-3 – be provided for students who have not yet been identified as having a disability but need these supports to be successful in the general education curriculum

A

Early Intervening Services

83
Q

A plan mandated by PL 99-457 to provide services for young children with disabilities (under three years of age) and their families

A

Individualized family service plan (IFSP)

84
Q

A plan defined in the student’s IEP that specifies students’ goals and services related to transitioning from high school to post-high school experiences

A

Transition plan

85
Q

A method of integrating people with disabilities who cannot work independently into competitive employment; includes use of an employment specialist, or job coach, who helps the person with a disability function on the job

A

supported employment

86
Q

peers of disabled students who assist the teacher

A

peer confederates

87
Q

An instructional procedure in which all students in the class are involved in tutoring and being tutored by classmates on specific skills as directed by their teacher

A

Classwide peer tutoring (CWPT)

88
Q

What are four additional expectations for special educators

A
  1. Instructing students with learning problems, using evidence-based practices
  2. Managing serious behavior problems
  3. Evaluating technological advances
  4. Knowing special education law
89
Q

Designing lessons that are appropriate for all learners

A

Universal design for learning (UDL)

90
Q

A surgical procedure that allows people who are deaf to hear some environmental sounds

A

cochlear implants

91
Q

A collection of states that are developing a common assessment to accompany the Common Core State Standards

A

Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC)

Teaching diverse learners (6 decks)

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