Chapters 6 & 7

Question 1

These types of skills are those in which a person applies force to an object in order to project it:

Answer 1

Ballistic Skills

Question 2

What is included in ballistic skills?

Answer 2

Throwing, kciking, striking, and punting

Question 3

What are the 3 forms of throwing?

Answer 3

Overhand, underhand, and sidearm

Question 4

Accuracy, distance, and ball velocity are what kind of measures?

Answer 4

Product measures - outcome

Question 5

Developmental sequences are what kind of measures?

Answer 5

Process measures - movement pattern

Question 6

What characteristics are included in the early overarm throwing?

Answer 6

Elbow is pointed up, throw is executed by elbow extension alone, limited trunk rotation, and no step

Question 7

What characteristics are included in the proficient overarm throwing?

Answer 7

Uses preparatory windup, steps opposite leg forward, trunk rotation, upper arm and forearm lag, movements are sequential for momentum

Question 8

What is the typical sequence of proficient overarm throwing?

Answer 8

1. Forward step and pelvic rotation
2. Upper spine rotation and upper arm swing
3. Upper arm inward rotation and elbow extension
4. Release
5. Follow-through

Question 9

The backward, or takeaway, movement to put the arm, leg, or racket in position to move ballistically forward to project an object is defined as:

Answer 9

The backswing

Question 10

Sequences of advances in the performace as a skill that have been determined by longitudinal study shown to fall in the same fixed order for all individuals is defined as:

Answer 10

The validated developmental sequence

Question 11

When throwers use lower developmental steps for accuracy throws than forceful throws leads to…

Answer 11

Velocity being slower

Question 12

What ability must a kicker have in order to strike an object, especially when it’s moving?

Answer 12

Perceptual abilities and eye-foot coordination

Question 13

What are the characteristics of a proficient kicker?

Answer 13

Preparatory windup, trunk rotation, movements are sequential, follow-through, opposition if arms and legs

Question 14

What is defined as punting?

Answer 14

A form of kicking where an object is dropped from the individual’s hand before impact with the foot

Question 15

What are the characteristics of early punting?

Answer 15

Ball is tossed up instead of dropped, arm drops to the sides, rigid extension of kicking leg knee, contact with toes

Question 16

What are the characteristics of proficient punting?

Answer 16

Arms are extended to drop the ball, arms then fall and move into opposition to legs, follow-through, punting leg is kept nearly straight

Question 17

What is differentiated trunk rotation?

Answer 17

The lower trunk rotates forward while the upper trunk is rotating backward, still preparing to rotate forward

Question 18

What is block rotation?

Answer 18

Is forward rotation of the lower and upper trunk as a unit

Question 19

T or F: Children do not benefit from instruction on and practice of fundamental motor skills - these skills develop automatically

Answer 19

False. Children DO benefit from instruction on and practice of fundamental motor skills and they are not developed autonomically

Question 20

What is prehension?

Answer 20

The grasping of an object, usually with our hand(s)

Question 21

What is body scaling?

Answer 21

Adapting characterisitics of the task or environment to the overall body size or to the size of the body component such that the same movement or action can be carried out by individuals or different sizes because the ratio of body size to object or dimension is the same - body-scaled ratio

Question 22

Ratio of hand size to object size is consistent for what?

Answer 22

For transitioning from using one hand to using two hands to pick up an object

Question 23

Learning to reach involves…

Answer 23

Learning to control the arm rather than learning to visually match the hand and object

Question 24

Why is catching a difficult developmental task?

Answer 24

Due to the interception component

Question 25

Which type of constraints are specific to catching?

Answer 25

Environmental and task constraints

Question 26

What is coincidence-anticipation?

Answer 26

Are motor skills in which one anticipates the completion of a movement to coincide with the arrival of a moving object

Question 27

What is related to interception success?

Answer 27

Ball size, speed, trajectory, and other task and environmental constraints

Question 28

When is coincidence-anticipation developed?

Answer 28

It is well developed in the teen years

Question 29

What is the definition of affordance?

Answer 29

The quality or property of an object that defines its possible uses or makes clear how it can or should be used

Question 30

What is the definition of invariance?

Answer 30

Is the stability in the kinematic values of a set of movements (keeping patterns in the environment constant)