Chapters 6 & 7 Flashcards
These types of skills are those in which a person applies force to an object in order to project it:
Ballistic Skills
What is included in ballistic skills?
Throwing, kciking, striking, and punting
What are the 3 forms of throwing?
Overhand, underhand, and sidearm
Accuracy, distance, and ball velocity are what kind of measures?
Product measures - outcome
Developmental sequences are what kind of measures?
Process measures - movement pattern
What characteristics are included in the early overarm throwing?
Elbow is pointed up, throw is executed by elbow extension alone, limited trunk rotation, and no step
What characteristics are included in the proficient overarm throwing?
Uses preparatory windup, steps opposite leg forward, trunk rotation, upper arm and forearm lag, movements are sequential for momentum
What is the typical sequence of proficient overarm throwing?
- Forward step and pelvic rotation
- Upper spine rotation and upper arm swing
- Upper arm inward rotation and elbow extension
- Release
- Follow-through
The backward, or takeaway, movement to put the arm, leg, or racket in position to move ballistically forward to project an object is defined as:
The backswing
Sequences of advances in the performace as a skill that have been determined by longitudinal study shown to fall in the same fixed order for all individuals is defined as:
The validated developmental sequence
When throwers use lower developmental steps for accuracy throws than forceful throws leads to…
Velocity being slower
What ability must a kicker have in order to strike an object, especially when it’s moving?
Perceptual abilities and eye-foot coordination
What are the characteristics of a proficient kicker?
Preparatory windup, trunk rotation, movements are sequential, follow-through, opposition if arms and legs
What is defined as punting?
A form of kicking where an object is dropped from the individual’s hand before impact with the foot
What are the characteristics of early punting?
Ball is tossed up instead of dropped, arm drops to the sides, rigid extension of kicking leg knee, contact with toes
What are the characteristics of proficient punting?
Arms are extended to drop the ball, arms then fall and move into opposition to legs, follow-through, punting leg is kept nearly straight
What is differentiated trunk rotation?
The lower trunk rotates forward while the upper trunk is rotating backward, still preparing to rotate forward
What is block rotation?
Is forward rotation of the lower and upper trunk as a unit
T or F: Children do not benefit from instruction on and practice of fundamental motor skills - these skills develop automatically
False. Children DO benefit from instruction on and practice of fundamental motor skills and they are not developed autonomically
What is prehension?
The grasping of an object, usually with our hand(s)
What is body scaling?
Adapting characterisitics of the task or environment to the overall body size or to the size of the body component such that the same movement or action can be carried out by individuals or different sizes because the ratio of body size to object or dimension is the same - body-scaled ratio
Ratio of hand size to object size is consistent for what?
For transitioning from using one hand to using two hands to pick up an object
Learning to reach involves…
Learning to control the arm rather than learning to visually match the hand and object
Why is catching a difficult developmental task?
Due to the interception component
Which type of constraints are specific to catching?
Environmental and task constraints
What is coincidence-anticipation?
Are motor skills in which one anticipates the completion of a movement to coincide with the arrival of a moving object
What is related to interception success?
Ball size, speed, trajectory, and other task and environmental constraints
When is coincidence-anticipation developed?
It is well developed in the teen years
What is the definition of affordance?
The quality or property of an object that defines its possible uses or makes clear how it can or should be used
What is the definition of invariance?
Is the stability in the kinematic values of a set of movements (keeping patterns in the environment constant)
