Chapters 1 & 3

Question 1

What is motor development?

Answer 1

Refers to continuous, age-related process of change in movement as well as the interaction constraints (or factors) in the individual, environment, and task that drive these changes

Question 2

What is motor learning?

Answer 2

Refer to the relatively permanent gains in motor skill capability associated with practice or experience

Question 3

What is motor behaviour?

Answer 3

When we want to refer to both motor development and motor learning, use the term motor behaviour

Question 4

What is motor control?

Answer 4

Is the study of the neural, physical, and behavioural aspects of movement - understanding how the nervous system and movement abilities change with age expands our knowledge of motor control

Question 5

What is physical growth?

Answer 5

Is an increase in size or body mass resulting from an increase in complete, already formed body parts

Question 6

What is maturation?

Answer 6

Physiological maturation is a qualitative advance in biological makeup and may refer to cell, organ, or system advancement in biochemical compostition rather than to size alone

Question 7

What is a constraint?

Answer 7

A characteristic of the individual, environment, or task that encourages some movements while discouraging others

Question 8

What are individual contraints? Examples?

Answer 8

A persons unique physical and mental characteristics. Examples of this would be height, limb length, strength, and motivation

Question 9

What are environmental constraints? Examples?

Answer 9

Are constraints related to the world around us. Examples of this would be the temperature, amount of light, humidity, and socioculture

Question 10

What are task constraints?

Answer 10

Includes the goals and rules structure of a particular movement or activity - specific to the task

Question 11

What are structural constraints?

Answer 11

Individual constraints related to the body’s structure - they change with growth/aging but they tend to change slowly overtime

Question 12

What are functional constraints?

Answer 12

Are individual constraints related to behavioural function - motivation, fear, experiences, and attentional focus

Question 13

How is the principle of motion and stability understood?

Answer 13

Principles of motion and stability act on all movements and movers. As movers become more proficient at skills, they often use these principles to their advantage

Question 14

What is Newton’s first law of motion?

Answer 14

An object at rest stays at rest, or an object in motion stays in motion, until acted on by a force

Question 15

What is Newton’s second law of motion?

Answer 15

The acceleration of a person or an object is proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass

Question 16

What is Newton’s third law of motion?

Answer 16

To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction - states that for every force you exert on an object, the object exerts an equal force back on you in the opposite direction

Question 17

Why is it important that people throw using a movement pattern that is dictated by the shape and structure of the human body and limbs?

Answer 17

Children may execute the most efficient movement pattern for themselves given their body size, strength, posture, and experience. Adults will move differently because of the differences in structural and functional constraints.

Question 18

Why is it important that we understand and apply the principles of motion and stability?

Answer 18

These principles help us determine which movement patterns are likely to produce optimal results. Knowledge of the principles helps us focus on critical asepcts if movement that often distinguish skilled movement patterns from unskilled ones.

Question 19

How do you improve movement performance?

Answer 19

Individuals must find the optimal relationship between force and distance in a given moment

Question 20

What is inertia?

Answer 20

Is the resistance to motion related mass

Question 21

What is momentum?

Answer 21

Is the product of mass and velocity

Question 22

When a force is exerted on an object, the object will what?

Answer 22

The object will accelerate in the direction of the force

Question 23

If a ball is stationary on the field, it will stay at rest until what?

Answer 23

Until it is acted upon by a force

Question 24

What must a child learn about intertia in the case of kicking a soccer ball?

Answer 24

The weight of the ball and the amount of force to hit the ball

Question 25

What must a child learn about momentum in the case of kicking a soccer ball?

Answer 25

Following through after kicking the ball and the positioning of your foot to the ball in order to kick it correctly with more force

Question 26

What is F = M x A?

Answer 26

Object’s force is related to mass and acceleration

Question 27

What is A = F / M?

Answer 27

Object’s acceleration is related to force and inversely related to mass

Question 28

TorF: More mass added to a car causes it to have less acceleration/slower increased acceleration.

Answer 28

True. There is a higher inertia meaning a higher resistance to the force being applied.

Question 29

To move an object father and faster, you must…

Answer 29

Increase the force being applied/delivered to the object and increase the distance over which the force is being applied

Question 30

What should be avoided when wanting to reduce force in the desired plane?

Answer 30

Avoid rotational movements in different planes or ruin the momentum of the movement you are doing in the desired plane

Question 31

An object’s linear velocity is the product of…

Answer 31

Its rotational velocity and radius of rotation

Question 32

What is an open kinetic chain?

Answer 32

Is the correctly timed sequence of movements an individual uses to successfully perform a skill

Question 33

What are the two elements essential to a kinetic chain?

Answer 33

The optimal squence of the movements and the timing of events of the sequence

Question 34

To absorb forces transmitted on the body, individuals must:

Answer 34

Increase the amount of time of the impact or/and increase the area over which the force is absorbed

Question 35

What is stability?

Answer 35

The ability to resist movement

Question 36

What is balance?

Answer 36

The ability to maintain equilibrium

Question 37

To increase stability…

Answer 37

Increase the base of support and lower the centre of gravity

Question 38

To increase balance…

Answer 38

Increase stability, improve strength, coordination, and proprioception

Question 39

Increasing stability leads to improved balance, but it also leads to decreased…

Answer 39

Mobility.