Chapters 4 & 5 Flashcards
What is a spontaneous movement?
Movements not caused by a known external stimuli
What is a reflexive movement?
A stereotypical response elicited by specific external stimuli
Involuntary movements that occur in response to stimuli are what type of movement?
Reflexive movements
If a reflexive movement is persistence past a certain age may indicate…
Neurological problems
What are the three categories of infantile reflexes?
1) Primitive reflexes
2) Postural reflexes
3) Locomotor reflexes
What are the purposes of reflexes?
Interaction with the environment, stimulates their senses, and contributes to developments
Provide building blocks for future movement can be defined as:
Reflexes
What are primitive reflexes?
Differ from spontaneous movement in that they are a response to a specific stimuli, they are localized, and the stimulus will elicit the same reflex over and over again
What is the stimulus, response, and purpose of the palmer grasp reflex?
S: Touch palm
R: Hand closes tightly
P: Likely creates motor pattern for grasping
What is the stimulus, response, and purpose of the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex?
S: Turn head to one side
R: Same-side and leg extend while the other side bends
P: Train muscle tone, hand-eye coordination, balance
What is the stimulus and response of the moro reflex?
S: Startle
R: Arms, legs, and fingers extend; then arms and legs flex; palms up
What is the stimulus and response of the labyrinthe righting reflex?
S: Tilt infant
R: Head moves to stay upright
What is the stimulus and response of the derotative righting reflex?
S: Turn head to one side
R: Body follows head in rotation, or trunk and head folow in rotation
These reflexes appear much earlier than the corresponding voluntary movements and typically disappear months before the infant actually attempts the voluntary skill
Locomotor Reflexes
What leads to the development of skilled locomotive patterns?
Motor milestones
What is a motor milestone?
A fundamental motor skill, the attainment of which is associated with the acquistion of later voluntary movements. The order in which an infant attains these milestones is relatively consistent, although the timing differs among individuals.
What 4 constraints impact motor milestones?
1) Maturation of the CNS
2) Development of muscular strength and endurance
3) Development of posture and balance
4) Improvement of sensory processesing
Individual constraints that inhibit or slow attainment of a motor skill are what?
Rate limiters
Motor development and early movement influence…
Social, perceptual, and cognitive development
What is locomotion?
Is the act of moving, or the capability to move, from place to place - a complex activity that involves many interacting systems and constraints