Chapters 4&5 Flashcards
helping international students who use counseling services
stress management techniques
assertive communication skills
increase awareness of american education system
career- and life-planning skills
that in which all counselors and clients differ
multicultural counseling
any group of people who identify or associate with another on the basis of some common purpose, need or similarity of background; shared elements include learned experiences, beliefs, and values
culture
understanding yourself from the inside out
developing self awareness
from the outside in
developing an awareness of others
ethnicity, nationality, religion, language
ethnographic variables
age, gender, place of residence, etc.
demographic variables
social, economic, and educational background and a wide range of formal/informal memberships and affiliations
status variables
universal qualities exist in counseling that are culturally generalizable
etic perspective
assumes counseling approaches must be designed yo be culturally specific
emic perspective
one to disregard cultural differences and works under the mistaken assumption that theories and techniques are equally applicable to all people; insensitive, discriminatory, sloppy
culturally encapsulated counselor
multicultural counseling; following psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic concepts
the fourth force
deals with multicultural issues, AMCD
association of multicultural counseling and development
the extent to which counselors possess appropriate levels of self-awareness, knowledge, and skills in working with individuals from diverse cultural backgroups
multicultural competence
effectiveness in more than one culture
cultural expertise
awareness of individual differences within each culture
cultural intentionality
mistaking people’s reaction to poverty and discrimination for their cultural pattern; language, racism
overculturalizing
prejudice displayed in blatant or subtle ways due to recognized or perceived differences, in the physical and psychological backdrops of people
racism
the process by which a group of people five up old ways and adopt new ones
acculturation
sensitivity to cultures in 3 areas
knowledge
awareness
skills
triad model for bettie understanding cultures
articulating the problem from client’s cultural perspective
anticipating resistance from a culturally different client
diminishing defensiveness by studying their responses
learning recovery skills for getting out of muddy waters
alter ego; deliberately tries to be subversive
anticounselor
five guidelines for effectively counseling across cultures
recognize values aware of qualities understand sociopolitical environment share worldview of clients; no questioning use lots of skills!
must possess knowledge of client’s culture
cultural-historical
must understand a client’s ethnic, racial, and social group’s performance to communicate
psychosocial
must use appropriate counseling approaches to deal with problems related to regional, national, and international environments; science ideas
scientific-ideological
MRID; personal identity grown up with
minority racial identity development
privilege based on skin color; not based on merit; ignored by those who have it; from whiteness and majority status; societal rewards
white privilege
purposes a development movement of those with white skin though a stage process to a non racist White identity
white racial identity development
possess the most power in this country
European Americans
Which race embraces talk therapies? Stress the individuals? Cognitive? More likely to feel arousal, anger, guilt, and defensiveness about their position in society?
European Americans
to all non-Hispanic White families of European American heritage
white ethnic
actions that communicate hostile, derogatory or negative racial insights and insults to the target person or group; have to hurt and oppress people of color due to their invisible nature
racial microaggressions
old fashioned racism and are deliberate, conscious, and overt (refusing to serve someone)
micro-assaults
verbally, nonverbally, or environmentally demean a person’s racial identity of heritage “You are a credit to your race”
microinsults
actions that exclude, negate, or nullify psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiences of a person, such as being ignored or served last
microvalidations
Which race has a relationship among unequals? Great reluctance? Collective community tradition? Get spirituality?
African Americans/Blacks
What approach would be best for african americans?
carefully identify their expectations; what is their reason; help to east the pain, therapeutic interventions; focus on strengths
people of Spanish/Indian descent whose ancestors lived in areas of the southwest US that was once part of mexico
hispanics/latinos/as
What race is generally reluctant because of pride and reliance of family ties?
Hispanics
What approaches are best for Hispanics?
expect counselor to be active, concrete, goal directed; be bilingual; understand their family and pride is most important
pride
cultural tradition
family
cultural heritage
positive behavioral or symptomatic changes result from a changed parent-child relationship rather than specific problem-focused strategies; both therapeutic and preventative; family, respect, personal relationships, trust
filial therapy
Chinese japanese filipino indochinese indian, korean (over 40 groups)
Asian American
collectively described as hard-working and successful, not pronto mental/emotional disturbances
model minority
the idea that race and racism do not matter and do not play important roles in the current social and economic climate
color blind racial ideology
What are the best approaches for Asian Americans?
religious tradition, promote self self-disclosure; psychological distress is explained though religion, morals, and spirituality
what are the best approaches for native americans
desire for self determination; understand cultures and cold imposing culturally inappropriate theories on them; silence, acceptance, restatement, general lead
a rite of passage and religious renewal for adult men
vision quest
music, drama, visual art, write, dance, movement
creative arts
Which race is concerned with present, reliance on extended family, and power and control over destiny?
Native americans
need to cope with deal of friends and spouses, reduced physical vigor, retirement and reduction of income, more leisure time and process of making new friends, development of new social roles
aged
any form of maltreatment by someone who has special relationships with the elderly
domestic elder abuse
spiritual, dimension of human existence
noetic
What approaches are best for the aged?
portable
practical
educational
problem solving
help orient conduced group members to their surroundings
reality oriented groups
armed at helping older clients become more invested the present and future
remotivation therapy groups
conducting life reviews
reminiscing groups
geared toward specific problems of the aging (loss)
psychotherapy groups
focus on particular transition concerns of the individual members
topic-specific groups
What age group are best for the use of group therapy?
age 65 and older
verbal competency, cognitive differences, anger/frustration, not serious, describes what group?
children
influenced by their biology, psychology, and society
biopsychosocial
primary consumers of counseling services; have special needs related to biological differences and socialization patterns that make many of their counseling concerns
women
What should counselors be like when counseling women?
warm
highly empathetic
understanding
sufficiently well developed as a person to appreciate the predicament in which they find themselves
the belief (and the behavior resulting from the belief) that females should be treated on the basis of their sex without regard to other criteria, such as interests and abilities
sexism
nurse, receptionist
pink-collar jobs
What disorders are women more likely to have?
depression, eating disorders, sexual victimization, widowhood, multiple roles
components of the feminist position
equality
valuing social, political, and economic action as a major part of the process of treatment
enter counseling only in crisis situations; expected to be self sufficient, deny needs and take care of others; cognitive as opposed to affective orientation ( denial or repression of feelings)
men
understanding the realities of men’s situations
emphasis on the difficulty of change
sex role stereotypes
have to ask for help
distinguishing different roles in life
groups of men that would benefit from group work
male sex offenders, gay men, and homeless men
typically same problems as heteros
LGBT
times with LGBT people
isolation children lesbian relationships physical and mental health political issues
letting others know that one is gay; developmental process
coming out
SEM; used with gays; increases this group’s collective and personal self-advocacy; come to know that the origins of sexual orientation are not clearly understood or completely known
social empowerment model
occurs when an individual experiences negative consequences resulting from the competition between rigid, sexist, or overly restrictive gender roles and incompatible situational demands
gender role conflict (GRC)
