Chapter 6 Flashcards
The two struggles when building relationships
battle for structure and battle for initiative
involves issues of administrative control
battle for structure
concerns the motivation for change and client responsibility
battle for initiative
skills that include atheoretical and social-learning behaviors such as attending, encouraging, reflecting, and listening
microskills
Factors that influence the Counseling process
seriousness, structure, initiative, the physical setting, client qualities, counselor qualities
a joint understanding between the counselor and client regarding the characteristics, conditions, procedures, and parameters of counseling
structure in counseling
time-limits, action limits, role lists, procedural limits
practice guidelines
for the prevention of destructive behavior
action limits
what will be expected of each participant
role limits
in which the client is given the responsibility to work on specific goals or needs
procedural limits
include details about the nature of counseling, expectations, responsibilities, methods, and ethic of counseling
professional disclosure statements
the motivation to change
initiative
blaming a person when the problem was not entirely his or her fault
scapegoating
counselor assumes role of client to understand and imagine how it would feel to come for counseling; promotes counselor empathy
role-reversal exercise
one who has been referred by a third party and is frequently “unmotivated to seek help”
reluctant client
a person in counseling who is unwilling, unready, or opposed to change; may seek counseling, but does not wish to go through emotional pain, change in perspective, or enhanced awareness that counseling demands; IDK
resistant client
how many forms of resistance?
22
acceptance, patience, anticipate it, confrontation, metaphors, mattering
ways counselors help clients be less resistant
the counselor asks the client to comply with a minor request, and then later follows with a larger request
foot in the door
the counselor asks the client to so a seemingly impossible task and then follows by requesting the client to do a more reasonable task
door in the face
counselor simply points out to the client exactly what the client is doing, such as being inconsistent
confrontation
can be used to teach and reduce threat levels by providing stories, by painting images, by offering fresh insights, by challenging rigid thinking…
metaphors
the perception that as human beings, we are important and significant to the world around us and to others in our lives
“mattering”
should be comfortable and attractive; not overwhelming, noisy or distracting; soft lighting, quiet colors, comfortable furniture, no distraction, smells, distance
physical setting
the spatial features of the environment
proxemics
YAVIS
young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, successful; most likely to be successful in counseling
DUDs
less successful candidates; dumb, unintelligent, disadvantaged
HOUNDs
homely, old, unintelligent, nonverbal, disadvantaged; also unsuccessful in counseling
Nonverbal behaviors and facial expressions are important with?
children
self awareness, honesty, congruence, knowledge, ability to communicate, expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness
counselor qualities
the degree to which a counselor is perceived as knowledgable and informed about his or her speciality; diplomas and certifications
expertness
a function of perceived similarity between a client and counselor as well as physical features
attractiveness
the sincerity and consistency of the counselor
trustworthiness
Types of Initial Interviews
Client initiated, counselor initiated, information first, relationship first
listening to the client’s story; requires a submersion of the self and immersion in the other
client-initiated
immediately state the need (school counselor)
counselor-initiated
counselor-focused, probing questions
information first
a question that usually begins with who, what, when, where, how; few with why
probe
highlighting the last few words of the client
accent
requires a specific and limited response, such as yes or no
closed question
typically begins with what, how, and could, and allows the client more latitude to respond
open question
a response the counselor uses to be sure he or she understands what the client is saying
request for clarification
concentrate more on the client’s attitudes and emotions
relationship-oriented first interview
a simple mirror response to a client that lets the client know the counselor is actively listening
restatement
deals with verbal and nonverbal expression, similar to restatement
reflection of feeling
the act of paraphrasing a number of feelings that the client has conveyed
summary of feelings
“I notice that your arms are folded across your chest”
acknowledgment of nonverbal behavior
showing a genuine interest and accepting of a client
rapport
Two most important microskills for rapport
attending behavior and client observation skills
non-coercive invitations to talk
door openers
judgmental or evaluative invitations to talk
door closers
the counselor’s ability to enter the client’s phenomenal world, to experience the client’s world as if it were your own without ever losing the “as if” quality; keys are perception and communication
empathy
when a counselor perceives the cultural frame of reference from which his or her client operates, including the client’s perceptual and cognitive process
culturally-sensitive empathy
the ability to respond in such a way that is apparent to both the client and counselor that the counselor has understood the client’s major themes
primary empathy
a process of helping a client explore themes, issues, and emotions new to his or her awareness; inappropriate for first interview
advanced empathy
the amount of verbal and nonverbal behavior shown to the client
attentiveness
SOLER
squarely, open posture, lean toward, eye contact, relax
non helpful interview behavior
advice giving, lecturing, excessive questioning, storytelling or self-disclosure
these are not identified, too broad, or not prioritized
unfocused goals
defined by either the counselor or client, includes happiness, perfection, progress, being #1, and self-actualization
unrealistic goals
2 groups of uncoordinated goals
those probably really uncoordinated (incompatible, does not go along with personality of client) or those seemingly uncoordinated (afraid to take personal responsibility)
Seven Criteria or Judging Effective Goals in Counseling
mutually agreed on by client and counselor, specific, relevant to self-seating behavior, achievement and success oriented, quantifiable and measurable, behavioral and observable, understandable and can be restated clearly
