Chapters 18 & 19 Flashcards
What was the Compte Rendu? Who evaluated it? What did it say about the economic state of France? What 2 things did they theoretically have to do to fix it?
An economic report, Jacques Necker, It’s really not as bad as we think, we just have to forget about American Revolutionary debt and stop paying the Aristocracy’s pension.
What was the primary cause of the crisis leading up to the French Revolution?
Financial burden from past wars and etc. France had been in
What was the makeup of the Estates General? What were its reasons for reconvening in 1789?
1st, 2nd, and 3rd estate
political deadlock between the french monarchy and its aristocracy
Name 3 economic reforms of Charles Calonne (all have fancy french names)
make the Taille universal, lower the gabelle, and transform the corvee
What were 2 attempts made by the 1st and 2nd estates to limit the rights of the 3rd estate?
placed in rafters, voting proposals
What were at least 3 grievances included as part of the cahiers de doleances?
inequitable taxes government waste hunting rights church corruption elimination of privilege more civic rights
How did the National Assembly emerge from the Estates General?
the 3rd estate refused to sit as a separate order, after a 3 week standoff, it invited members of the 1st and 2nd estates to join them
The Tennis Court Oath:
- what was it?
- why were they in a tennis court anyway?
- what is the name of the new governmental system it creates?
An oath to keep the National Assembly meeting until a constitution was drafted
Louis XVI locked the NA’s room
National Constituent Assembly
What were the 2 main reasons for riots in the winter of 1788 and the spring of 1789?
low bread prices
royal troops surrounding their cities and towns
What was the Storming of the Bastille? What was its significance?
National Guard went to get gunpowder, it was the first event of the French Revolution
What was the great fear?
The time period in which peasants in rural areas of france feared that royal forces would come to take their foodstuffs
What did the Night of August 4th abolish? What was it the first step toward?
feudalism and the Ancien Regime
A constitution for France
Who wrote Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? What principles did it use as a backbone? Who did it exclude?
The NCA, Enlightened, women
What did Jean-Paul Marat have to do with the French Revolution?
He wrote L’ami du Pueple
What did the women in the October Days initially want? What 2 things were significant about it?
Bread
Apex of 1789 Revolution and the royal family was moved to Paris
What was the NCA’s preferred form of government?
Constitutional monarchy
What was the name of the new governmental body that emerged from the Constitution of 1791? What 2 types of citizens did it consist of?
Legislative Assembly
Active/passive
Who wrote Declaration of the Rights of Women? Who was it directed to?
Olympe de Gouges, Marie Antoinette
What are the 4 examples of economic reforms during the Reconstruction of France?
deregulation of grain trade
metric system implemented
assignats
Chapelier Law
What did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy require clergy to do? What 2 types of clergy did it create? What did it create in society?
swear an oath to the state - those who did: jurying, those who didn’t: refractory, religious division
What did the Roman Catholic Church view the Revolution as?
an enemy
Who were emigres? Why did they leave France?
Aristocracy and clergy, they realized the Old Regime really was going away
Who were the Jacobins? Which major philosopher’s ideas did they utilize? What political stance did they take?
The major club of the Legislative assembly, Rousseau, republican
who were the sans-culottes? What was their initial goal?
Not aristocracy (“without breeches”), relief from food shortages
Who were the September Massacres an attack against? What did it rouse towards France?
counterrevolutionaries, new hostility
What were 5 challenges facing the French Revolutionary Government by 1793?
The monarchy, religious division (civil constitution of the clergy), economic crisis (depreciation of Assignats), political factions, counterrevolutionaries
What was the Declaration of Pillnitz?
A warning from Austria and Prussia: if the royal family was hurt in any way, they would intervene militarily
That was the purpose of the National Convention? What 2 major things did it do?
write a republican constitution
Declared France a republic, executed Louis XVI