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AP Euro Post-Review > Chapters 13 & 14 > Flashcards

Chapters 13 & 14 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

Reasons for Dutch economic prosperity

A

Urbanism, Agriculture, Shipbuilding, Overseas Commercial Empire

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1
Q

Emergence of the Netherlands as a Nation

Religious Characteristics

Contemporary Impressions of Dutch Society

Governmental System

A

1581: United Provinces of the Netherlands

Toleration

Everyone

Republic

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2
Q

Who was William III of Orange in the Netherlands?

A

The stadholder of Holland

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3
Q

Two most important models of European Political Organization?

A

Absolute Monarchy & Parliamentary Monarchy

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4
Q

Characteristics of Absolute Rule (2)

A

Strong financial base + fully independent

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5
Q

James I

  • first…
  • son of…
  • religion? sympathies?
  • when did he call Parliament?
A

Stuart Monarch
Mary Queen of Scots
Protestant, Catholic sympathies
Only when he absolutely had to

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6
Q

Reasons for Suspicion of James I’s foreign policy

A

reflected pro-catholic sentiments

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7
Q

Charles I’s extra-parliamentary measures

A

levies new taxes, quarters troops in private homes

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8
Q

The Petition of Right

A

states that Charles I needs Parliamentary permission before he can impose new taxes

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9
Q

Consequences of the religious policies of Charles I

A

Bishops Wars

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10
Q

Long Parliament

  • years
  • first thing
  • big thing
A

1640-1660
Executes Charles I’s chief advisors: Laudy & Stafford
Trienial Act

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11
Q

English Civil War

  • Years
  • Who changed the tide
  • Ends with.. (2)
A

1642-1646
Oliver Cromwell
Execution of Charles and the Republic of the Commonwealth

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12
Q

England under Oliver Cromwell

  • his name & type of government
  • religion
A

“lord protector”
military dictatorship
puritan

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13
Q

3 things England wanted to restore after Oliver Cromwell

A

Monarchy
House of Lords
Anglican Church

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14
Q

Treaty of Dover

  • alliance with who?
  • secret part
A

Charles II + France against the Netherlands

He’ll convert to catholicism when the time is right

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15
Q

Test Act

  • requires all personnel to..
  • particularly directed at
A

Swear an oath against Transubstantiation

James, Charles’ brother

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16
Q

The Popish Plot

  • who masterminded
  • the lie
A

Titus Oates

Charles II’s wife is plotting with the Jesuits and the Irish to kill him

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17
Q

Declaration of Indulgence of 1687

  • who initiated
  • permitted what
A

James II

Free worship to protestants

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18
Q

The Glorious Revolution

  • Year
  • Who is deposed
  • Who is the new monarch
A

1688
James II
William and Mary

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19
Q

Act of Settlement of 1701
passed by
contents

A

Passed by William and Mary

English Crown will go to Hanovers of Germany

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20
Q

Act of Union of 1707
passed by
what it does

A

Anne Stuart

Unites England and Scotland into the United Kingdom

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21
Q

Robert Walpole was the first..

A

Prime Minister

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22
Q

Cardinal Armand Rechelieu

  • imposed what
  • result
  • groomed who
A

heavy handed centralization
Fronde
Mazarin

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23
Q

Louis XIV

  • reign:
  • significance of Versailles
  • Religious Act
  • Symbolism
A

72 Years
Required nobles to be dependent on him
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Sun King

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24
Q

Religious Policies of Louis XIV

  • belief
  • influence
A

political stability was all about religious conformity

Madame de Montenoit

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25
Q

Jansenists

-what and against who

A

Radical Catholic Group against Jesuits

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26
Q

Result of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes

A

France becomes the symbol for religious repression and an enemy of protestants

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27
Q

Finance Minister of Louis XIV

  • who
  • allowed what
A

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Conquering Scotland and Ireland

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28
Q

Wars fought during Louis XIV’s reign

A

War of Devolution
Franco Dutch
Nine Years War
War of Spanish Succession

29
Q

War of Spanish Succession

  • Alliance formed in opposition
  • Spanish Netherlands - ?
A

Grand Alliance

Austrian Netherlands

30
Q

France after Louis XIV

A

bankrupt and no longer as centralized

31
Q

Economic beliefs of John Law

A

an increase in paper money would stimulate France’s economy

32
Q

17th c. Central and Eastern Europe

  • type of economy
  • continuous…
  • geographical expansion?
A

agrarian
warfare
no

33
Q

Dynasties of Central and Eastern Europe

A

Austrian Hapsburgs
Hohenzollerns (Prussia)
Romanovs (Russia)

34
Q

17th & 18th c. Poland

  • centralized?
  • what kind of monarchy?
  • name of legislative body
A

no
elective
sjem

35
Q

Rulers of Prussia

  1. (1640-1688) -
  2. (1688-1713) -
  3. (1713-1740) -
  4. (1740-1786) -
A

Frederick William - “great elector”
Frederick I - first King of Prussia
Frederick William I - “soldier king”
Frederick II - “the great” - begins Austria vs. Prussia

36
Q

Aftermath of Ivan IV in Russia

  • aka
  • govt. strength?
A

Time of Troubles

Weak

37
Q

Great Northern War

  • Years
  • against who for what
  • who wins
A

1700-1721
Against Sweden for Baltic Sea Access (& warm water port)
Russia

38
Q

what was St. Petersburg?

A

new capital

39
Q

Reforms of Peter the Great and their purpose
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. 8 Administrative Colleges
  2. Table of Ranks
  3. Holy Synod
40
Q

What was the most important thing about the legacy of Peter the Great?

A

He made Russia Relevant

41
Q

Galileo’s views on how nature should be understood and explained

A

mathematically

42
Q

5 17th c. scientist

A 
Copernicus
Brahe
Kepler
Galileo
Newton
43
Q

Ptolemaic view of the universe:
Copernican view:
Tychonic view:

A

P. geocentrism
C. heliocentrism
T. geoheliocentrism

44
Q

Copernicus’ contribution to the Scientific Revolution

A

On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

45
Q

Tycho Brahe’s contributions to the Sci. Rev.

A

Astronomical Data

46
Q

Johannes Kepler’s contributions to the sci. rev.

A

Elliptical Orbits

47
Q

Isaac Newton’s 3 contributions to the sci. rev.

+ book

A

Universal Gravitation
3 Laws of Motion
Empiricism

Principia Mathematica

48
Q

3 Literary Works of Galileo

A

Starry Messenger, Letters on Sunspots, Dialogue of the 2 Chief World Systems

49
Q

Mechanism: associated with what object

A

a watch

50
Q

Francis Bacon & his contributions to scientific inquiry

  • the thing we use everyday
  • men of…
  • literary work
A

Inductive Reasoning
Men of Experiment and Men of Dogma
Novum Organum

51
Q

what were the 2 things associated with Cartesian Dualism?

A

Thinking things and things that occupy space

52
Q

Francis Bacon figured that if we are going to use our brains to figure stuff out, what should it be about?

A

bettering mankind

53
Q

Thomas Hobbes

  • pessimistic or optomistic?
  • literary work
  • favored form of government
  • social contract
A

Pessimistic
Leviathan
Absolutism
People give up their rights, King provides protection

54
Q

John Locke

  • pessimistic or optomistic?
  • literary works (3)
  • views on people and their rights
A

optomistic
Two Treatises of Government, Letter Concerning Toleration, Essay Concerning Human Understanding
People had 3 rights: life liberty and property, if they weren’t protected, they could revolt

55
Q

Maria Winkelmann’s field of study

A

astronomy

56
Q

Subject of Margaret Cavendish’s “Observations upon experimental philosophy”

A

too much excitement about experimental instruments than the actual science

57
Q

Movement of the 18th c. influenced by new science

A

Age of Enlightenment

58
Q

Trial of Galileo

  • quintessential example of
  • he ended up..
A

conflict between science and religon

recanting

59
Q

Blaise Pascal

  • literary work
  • views on God and mankind
  • religious affiliation
  • opposition to groups of people
A

Pensees
there is a god, and all humans are unworthy
Jansenist
Dogmatists for not teaching the right thing, skeptics for not believing

60
Q

Pascal’s famous wager

A

take a leap of faith

if there is a god, cool, you’ll be in good standing when you die, if there isn’t, you’ve got nothing to lose

61
Q

physical-theology

-deducting what from what

A

deducting religious thought from observing nature

62
Q

Causes of Witchhunts

A

disruptions by religious division
misogyny
clergy emphasized high and low magic

63
Q

results of witchhunts

A

70-100,000 killed

64
Q

targets of witchcraft

A

old single women

65
Q

reasons for end of witchhunts

A

rational thought with new science

66
Q

Emergence of Baroque Art

A

Rome, Catholic Counter-Reformation

67
Q

In Baroque Art, subjects are depicted as…

A

naturalistic

68
Q

Main artist of baroque painting

A

peter paul rubens

69
Q

monument of baroque art

A

versailles

AP Euro Post-Review (12 decks)

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