Chapters 15-16

Question 1

Define differential reinforcement of alternate behaviour (DRA).

Answer 1

Undesirable behaviour undergoes extinction, desirable behaviour is reinforced.

Question 2

Define differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviour (DRI).

Answer 2

Undesirable behaviour is extinguished, behaviour that is impossible to do at the same time as undesirable behaviour is reinforced.

Question 3

Define differential reinforcement of other behaviour (DRO).

Answer 3

Undesirable behaviour undergoes extinction, reinforcer delivered after period of time in which behaviour does not occur.

Question 4

Define functional communication training (FCT).

Answer 4

Subtype of DRA wherein alternative behaviour is a communication response. Also known as differential reinforcement of communication (DRC).

Question 5

How does one use DRA?

Answer 5

1. Select alternative behaviour that requires equal or less effort, is already in repertoire, and is likely to be reinforced in learners natural environment
2. select reinforcement that is potent, uses the same reinforcer as problem (if possible), and can be delivered immediately and consistently

Question 6

What are the two main variations of DRO?

Answer 6

Whole-interval DRO: reinforcer delivered if problem behaviour is absent during entire interval

Momentary DRO: reinforcer delivered if problem behaviour not present at end of interval

Question 7

Define differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL).

Answer 7

Lower rate of behaviour is reinforced to decrease rate of behaviour; extinction applied when rate of behaviour exceeds criterion for reinforcement.

Used when goal is to reduce, not eliminate, behaviour.

Question 8

Define antecedent interventions.

Answer 8

Manipulation of antecedent stimuli to evoke desirable behaviours that can be (differentially) reinforced.

Question 9

Describe methods of antecedent intervention.

Answer 9

1. Presenting, modifying, or developing new S^D for desirable behaviour
2. Presenting EO for desirable behaviour
3. Decreasing response effort for desirable behaviour (nudge theory)
4. Removing/modifying existing S^D for undesirable behaviour
5. Presenting AO for undesirable behaviour
6. Increasing response effort for undesirable behaviour; “sludge” theory
7. Non-contingent reinforcement (NCR): known reinforcers provided on schedule independent of behaviour